NPTE Exam Review

Question 1

What is the action of the popliteus

Answer 1

Popliteus IR the tibia to unlock the knee during flexion

Question 2

What direction should you mobilize the tibia to produce extension

Answer 2

Anterior and ER

Question 3

Transparent Films

Answer 3

Clear adhesive semipermeable membrane dressings. Permeable to atmospheric oxygen and moisture vapor yet impermeable to water, bacteria and environmental contaminents. Are nonabsorptive.

Question 4

Hydrocolloids

Answer 4

Adhesive wafers containing hydroactive/ absorptive particles that interact with wound fluid to form a gelatinous mass over the wound bed. May be either occlsuive or semi-occlusive. Available in paste form that can be used as a filler for shallow cavity wounds Protects partial thickness wounds- wounds with mild exudate. These help maintain a moist wound environment and are impermable to external bacteria

Question 5

Hydrogels

Answer 5

water or glycerine based gels. insoluble in water. available in solid sheets, amorphous gels or impregnated gauze. Absorptive capacity varies. These rehydrate wound beds but provide minimal to moderate absorptions. Will require a secondary dressing

Question 6

Foams

Answer 6

Semipermeable membranes that are either hydrophilic or hydrophobic. Vary in thickness absorptive capacity and adhesive properties. Manage min to heavy exudate. can be used as secondary dressing on wounds that require packing. Do not use on dry wounds

Question 7

Alginates

Answer 7

soft, absorpant, nonwoven dressings derived from seaweed that have a fluffy. cottonlike appearance. React with wound exudate to form a viscous hydrophilic gel mass over the wound area. Can manage wounds with large amounts of exudate or with a combination of exudate and necrosis. Can be used on infected and non infected wounds and to fill dead space. Do not use for light exudate wounds.

Question 8

Gauze Dressings

Answer 8

made of cotton or synthetic fabric that is absorptive and permeable to water and oxygen. May be used wet, moist, dry or impregnated with petrolatum, antispetics and other agents. can fill deadspace or tunneling, can be used as wet to dry can be used for continuous dry or continuous moist.

Question 9

Stage 1 Pressure Ulcer

Answer 9

nonblanchable erythema of intact skin. May include changes in skin temperature (warm or cool) tissue consistnecy (firm or boggy) and/or sensation (pain/itching)

Question 10

Stage 2 Pressure Ulcer

Answer 10

Partial-thickness skin loss, involves epidermis, dermis or both. Ulcer is superficial. Presents clinically as an abrasion, blister or shallow crater

Question 11

Stage 3 Pressure Ulcer

Answer 11

Full-thickness skin loss; involves damage to or necrosis of subcutaneous tissue. May extend down to but not through underlying fascia. Presents clinically as a deep crater

Question 12

Stage 4 Pressure Ulcer

Answer 12

Full-thickness skin loss; involves extensive destruction, tissue necrosis, or damage to muscle,bone or supporting structures. Undermining and sinus tracts may be present

Question 13

Unstagable pressure ulcer

Answer 13

tissue depth is obscured due to slough or eschar and extent of damage cannot be determined

Question 14

deep tissue injury pressure ulcer

Answer 14

discolored area of tissue (e.g bruise) that is not reversible and will likely progress to a full-thickness injury

Question 15

First degree epidermal burns

Answer 15

damage is to epidermis only. pink or red appearance; no blistering (dry surface) minimal edema tenderness, delayed pain

Question 16

second degree, superficial partial-thickness burn

Answer 16

epidermis and upper layers of dermis are damaged. bright pink or red appearance. blanching with brisk capillary refll. Blisters, moist surface, weeping. moderate edema. painful, sensitive to the touch, temperature changes.

Question 17

second degree, Deep Partial-thickness burn

Answer 17

severe damage to epidermis and dermis with injury to nerve endings, hair follicles and sweat glands. mixed red or waxy white appearance. Blanching with slow capillary refill. broken blisters, wet surface. marked edema. sensitive to pressure but insensitive to light touch or soft pinprick.

Question 18

third degree- full thickness burns

Answer 18

complete destruction of epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissues; may extend into muscle. white (ischemic), charred, tan or black appearance. no blanching; poor distal circulation. parchment like dry leathery surface; depressed area. Little pain, nerve endings are destroyed.

Question 19

fourth degree- subdermal burn

Answer 19

complete destruction of epidermis, dermis with involvment of subcutaneous tissue and muscle. charred appearance. destruction of vascular system may lead to additional necrosis. from electrical burns; prolonged contact with flame. Additional complications likely with electrical burns: ventricular fibrillation, acute kidney damage, spinal cord damage.

Question 20

Lidocaine, Xylocaine polarity

Answer 20

positive (analgesic)

Question 21

salicylate polarity

Answer 21

negative (analgesic)

Question 22

acetate polarity

Answer 22

negative (calcium deposits)

Question 23

zinc polarity

Answer 23

positive

Question 24

hyaluronidase polarity (wydase)

Answer 24

positive (edema reduction)

Question 25

copper polarity

Answer 25

positive (fungal infections)

Question 26

water polarity

Answer 26

positive/negative (hyperhidrosis)

Question 27

calcium or magnesium polarity

Answer 27

positive (muscle spasm)

Question 28

dexamethasone polarity

Answer 28

negative (muskuloskeletal inflammatory conditions)

Question 29

hydrocortisone polarity

Answer 29

positive (muskuloskeletal infamatory conditions)

Question 30

Galvanotaxic effect

Answer 30

attract tissue to repair cells via electircal polarity.
inflammatory phase: macrophases (positive) mast cells (negative) neutrophils + or -
proliferation phase: fibroblasts +
wound contraction phase: alternate +/-
epithelization: epithehial cells +