Nozick - Locke

Question 1

Rights as absolute, exceptionless side constraints (Nozick)

Answer 1

One should eliminate from consideration those options that would involve one’s violating any individual’s moral rights

Question 2

Separateness of persons (1/2) (Nozick)

Answer 2

Underlying Kantian principle that individuals are ends and not merely means
Not be sacrificed/used for achieving of other ends without their consent

Question 3

Separateness of persons (2/2) (Nozick)

Answer 3

There is no social entity with a good that undergoes some sacrifice for its own good.
Individual people, own individual lives
Using one of these people to benefit others, uses him and benefits the others. Nothing more

Question 4

Self-ownership (1/5) (Nozick)

Answer 4

An exclusive right to control and use ourselves as we see fit, so long as it does not infringe others’ rights

Question 5

Self-ownership (2/5) (Nozick)

Answer 5

Rights to transfer these rights to others (by sale, rental, gift, loan)

Question 6

Self-ownership (3/5) (Nozick)

Answer 6

Immunities to the non-consensual loss of these rights

Question 7

Self-ownership (4/5) (Nozick)

Answer 7

Compensation rights in case others use us without our consent

Question 8

Self-ownership (5/5) (Nozick)

Answer 8

Enforcement rights (rights to restrain persons about to violate these rights)

Question 9

Lockean rights (1/5)

Answer 9

Moral right to act in way chosen with sth legitimately own
Not impinging on others (harm, frustrate their interest) in ways
- force
- fraud
- theft
- physically harming another person, property
- breach of contract
- threatening (sth on this list)

Question 10

Lockean rights (2/5)

Answer 10

Others not impinge on her (in specified ways)

Question 11

Lockean rights (3/5)

Answer 11

Each legitimately, fully owns herself

No one has any initial property rights in any other person

Question 12

Lockean rights (4/5)

Answer 12

Can acquire full ownership over unowned material resources by staking out a claim
Claiming ownership leaves others no worse off (than unowned, freely available resources)

Question 13

Lockean rights (5/5)

Answer 13

Ownership rights - can be transferred to other persons by gift, contract (or abandoned, revert to unowned status)

Question 14

Nozick’s entitlement theory (1/3)

Answer 14

Principle of justice in acquisition

Initial acquisition

Question 15

Nozick’s entitlement theory (2/3)

Answer 15

Principle of justice in transfer (voluntary exchange and gifts)

Question 16

Nozick’s entitlement theory (3/3)

Answer 16

Principle of rectification of injustice
(How to deal with holdings that are unjustly acquired, transferred)
- no one is entitled to a holding except by (repeated applications of 1 and 2)

Question 17

How do we initially acquire property?
Previously unowned
No: If the position of others no longer at liberty to use the thing is thereby worsened

Answer 17

Nozickian proviso (property right)

Question 18

Normal process (Locke)

Answer 18

Labour of his body
Work of his hands
Removes out of the state of nature
- mixed his labour with
- joyned to it sth that is his own
  > his property

Question 19

Wilt Chamberlain (Nozick)

Answer 19

Society has an equal distribution, D1
1 mil people voluntarily pay 25c each to see WC play
WC is 250000 richer, each 25c poorer, D2
> Has any injustice occured?

Question 20

Tis very preposterous, to imagine, that we can have any idea of property, without fully comprehending the nature of justice (3/3)

Answer 20

Hume

A Treatise of Human Nature

Question 21

Our property is nothing but those goods, whose constant possession is established by the laws of society, by the laws of justice
- explain the origin of justice: property, right, obligation (1/3)

Answer 21

Hume

A Treatise of Human Nature

Question 22

A man’s property is some object related to him. This relation is not natural, but moral and founded on justice. (2/3)

Answer 22

Hume

A Treatise of Human Nature

Question 23

Property as natural (2)

Answer 23

Locke

Otsuka

Question 24

Property as natural

Answer 24

Limit on state
Historical
Social contract

Question 25

Property as convention (1)

Answer 25

Hume

Comes from agreement

Question 26

Property as convention

Answer 26

Created by state
Patterned (procedural justice)
Post-state

Question 27

Method of acquisition (MA) (Locke)

Answer 27

Every man has property in his own person
No body has right but himself
Labour of his body
Work of his hands
Removes out of the state of nature
- mixed his labour with
- joyned to it sth that is his own
  > his property

Question 28

Waste proviso (WP) (Locke)

Answer 28

How far has God given it to us

• to enjoy
• as much as any one can make use of to any advantage of life before it spoils
• so much he may by his labor fix a property
• whatever beyond this, is more than his share, belongs to others

Question 29

Enough and as good proviso (EP) (Locke)

Answer 29

No mans could subdue
Nor could his enjoymeny consume more than a small part
Impossible for any man to intrench upon the right of another
Acquire to himself a property to the prejudice of his neighbor
- who would still have room, for as good, and as large a possession (after the other had taken out of his) as beforr it was appropriated

Question 30

Method of acquisition (MA) (Locke)

Answer 30

Every man has property in his own person
No body has right but himself
Labour of his body
Work of his hands
Removes out of the state of nature
- mixed his labour with
- joyned to it sth that is his own
  > his property

Question 31

Waste proviso (WP) (Locke)

Answer 31

How far has God given it to us

• to enjoy
• as much as any one can make use of to any advantage of life before it spoils
• so much he may by his labor fix a property
• whatever beyond this, is more than his share, belongs to others

Question 32

Enough and as good proviso (EP) (Locke)

Answer 32

No mans could subdue
Nor could his enjoymeny consume more than a small part
Impossible for any man to intrench upon the right of another
Acquire to himself a property to the prejudice of his neighbor
- who would still have room, for as good, and as large a possession (after the other had taken out of his) as beforr it was appropriated