November Test Flashcards
What is the powerhouse of the cell
Mitochondria
1) What is the name of the cellular organ that packages and distributed synthesised molecules in vesicles to
Different destinations?
2) name one of these vesicles
1) Golgi apparatus
2) Lysosomes - digests stuff that otherwise would be harmful
The cell membrane consists of 2 main building block. What are these
Proteins & phospholipid bilayer
What are 3 functions of the proteins in the cell membrane?
Transport, enzyme & receptor
What kind of transport does oxygen & carbon dioxide go through?
Passive diffusion
What kind of transport does water have
Passive osmosis
What kind of transport does sodium ions go through?
Primary active
What transport does glucose undergo?
Secondary active transport
What kind of transport do cell debris undergo?
Vesicular transport
What does a cell need for primary active transport?
ATP
What happens to introns and exons during transcription to become mature mRNA
Introns get cut out, exons form the mature mRNA
How much ATP does anaerobic respiration produce?
4
What role does oxygen have in the ETC
final electron acceptor
Where does respiration occur
Cytoplasm and mitochondria
What makes up the gap junctions
connexins that form conncexons
What are the names of short and long distance signalling between cells? & examples
Paraceines- eg histamine
Endocrine - eg growth hormone
What cell type uses synaptic communications?
Neurons
The cell exists in two phases, interphase and mitotic phase. What are the parts of the interphase?
G1/G0, S , G2
What do we see in the metaphase?
The coiled chromosomes are lined up in the centre of the cell. Spindle fibres are attached to the chromosomes
What is the middle point hildinging two chromosomes called?
Centromere
What are the two types of cell death?
Apoptosis and necrosis
What enzyme takes part in both instrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis
Caspese (3&7)
What are the two main parts of the nervous system?
Central and peripheral nervous system
What is the fatty substance that provides electrical insulation for axons? & what cells make the substances (3)
Myelin that forms myelin sheath
Oligodenerocytes made in the CNS
Shwann cells made in the PNS
What are the 6 layers of the retina?
- Pigment epithelium
- Cones and rods
- Horizontal cells
- Bipolar cells
- Amacrine cells
- Ganglion cells
What is the transparent liquid substance between the lens and the cornea?
Aqueous humour
What is the white outer layer of the eye?
Sclera
What are 3 roles of the virtuous humour?
Holding the retina in place, transmits light to the retina, supports the shape of the eye
Which extraocular muscles does the oculomotor nerve (CN III) innervate?
Superior, medial& inferior rectus,
Interior oblique
Levator muscle
