November Test

Question 1

What is the powerhouse of the cell

Answer 1

Mitochondria

Question 2

1) What is the name of the cellular organ that packages and distributed synthesised molecules in vesicles to
Different destinations?
2) name one of these vesicles

Answer 2

1) Golgi apparatus

2) Lysosomes - digests stuff that otherwise would be harmful

Question 3

The cell membrane consists of 2 main building block. What are these

Answer 3

Proteins & phospholipid bilayer

Question 4

What are 3 functions of the proteins in the cell membrane?

Answer 4

Transport, enzyme & receptor

Question 5

What kind of transport does oxygen & carbon dioxide go through?

Answer 5

Passive diffusion

Question 6

What kind of transport does water have

Answer 6

Passive osmosis

Question 7

What kind of transport does sodium ions go through?

Answer 7

Primary active

Question 8

What transport does glucose undergo?

Answer 8

Secondary active transport

Question 9

What kind of transport do cell debris undergo?

Answer 9

Vesicular transport

Question 10

What does a cell need for primary active transport?

Answer 10

ATP

Question 11

What happens to introns and exons during transcription to become mature mRNA

Answer 11

Introns get cut out, exons form the mature mRNA

Question 12

How much ATP does anaerobic respiration produce?

Answer 12

4

Question 13

What role does oxygen have in the ETC

Answer 13

final electron acceptor

Question 14

Where does respiration occur

Answer 14

Cytoplasm and mitochondria

Question 15

What makes up the gap junctions

Answer 15

connexins that form conncexons

Question 16

What are the names of short and long distance signalling between cells? & examples

Answer 16

Paraceines- eg histamine

Endocrine - eg growth hormone

Question 17

What cell type uses synaptic communications?

Answer 17

Neurons

Question 18

The cell exists in two phases, interphase and mitotic phase. What are the parts of the interphase?

Answer 18

G1/G0, S , G2

Question 19

What do we see in the metaphase?

Answer 19

The coiled chromosomes are lined up in the centre of the cell. Spindle fibres are attached to the chromosomes

Question 20

What is the middle point hildinging two chromosomes called?

Answer 20

Centromere

Question 21

What are the two types of cell death?

Answer 21

Apoptosis and necrosis

Question 22

What enzyme takes part in both instrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis

Answer 22

Caspese (3&7)

Question 23

What are the two main parts of the nervous system?

Answer 23

Central and peripheral nervous system

Question 24

What is the fatty substance that provides electrical insulation for axons? & what cells make the substances (3)

Answer 24

Myelin that forms myelin sheath
Oligodenerocytes made in the CNS
Shwann cells made in the PNS

Question 25

What are the 6 layers of the retina?

Answer 25

1. Pigment epithelium
2. Cones and rods
3. Horizontal cells
4. Bipolar cells
5. Amacrine cells
6. Ganglion cells

Question 26

What is the transparent liquid substance between the lens and the cornea?

Answer 26

Aqueous humour

Question 27

What is the white outer layer of the eye?

Answer 27

Sclera

Question 28

What are 3 roles of the virtuous humour?

Answer 28

Holding the retina in place, transmits light to the retina, supports the shape of the eye

Question 29

Which extraocular muscles does the oculomotor nerve (CN III) innervate?

Answer 29

Superior, medial& inferior rectus,
Interior oblique
Levator muscle