November 21

Question 1

First Civil War?

Answer 1

88-81BCE

Question 2

First Civil War - Where does Sullas march twice to secure power?

Answer 2

Rome

Question 3

First Civil War - What was the Sullas Massacre

Answer 3

Sulla massacres c. 1600-4700 opponents and confiscates their property (‘proscriptions’) - list of people (posts in center of city) - if you murder anyone on that list you are granted immunity

Question 4

First Civil War - What does Sulla do the Senate?

Answer 4

Forces Senate to make him dictator to take advantage of constitutional powers. Last 6 months

Question 5

Second Civil War?

Answer 5

49-45BCE

Question 6

Second Civil War - Who fought in the Second Civil War of 49-45BCE? (3)

Answer 6

1) Pompey + Senates

2) Julius Cesar

Question 7

Second Civil War - What was young Pompey known as?

Answer 7

Young butcher

Question 8

Second Civil War - Who did Pompey style his hair lol

Answer 8

Like Alexander The Great

Question 9

Second Civil War - How did Julius Cesar threaten Pompey? (3)

Answer 9

1) Legal Prosecution
2) Exile
3) Crossed Rubicon River and marched to Rome

Question 10

Second Civil War - Was Julius Cesar a normal dictator? What was the name of his dictatorship?

Answer 10

1) Permanent Dictator - (Dictator Perputus)

Question 11

Second Civil War - When was Julius Cesar assasinated?

Answer 11

in the ‘ides of March’

Question 12

Second Civil War - When was Julius Cesar assasinated?

and what was the result?

Answer 12

1) 44 BCE

2) Sturred up further conflict

Question 13

Second Civil War - Describe the intermediate Civil War? Who was the winner and why was he special?

Answer 13

1) Winner was Octavian aka Agustus(Cesear’s nephew) and Mark Antony (Cesar friend)

Question 14

Final Civil War - ?

Answer 14

32-31BCE

Question 15

Final Civil War - Who was the winner?

Answer 15

• Octavian aka Augustus kills Mark Antony

- Octavian aka. Augustus wins

Question 16

Final Civil War - What did Octavian aka Agustus due to the Hellenisitc world? (2)

Answer 16

1) Defeats Cleopatra ( Last major Hellenic Ruler)

2) End Hellenistic Period

Question 17

Final Civil War - What role did Octavian play ruling? (2)

Answer 17

1) Assumes sole power as PRINCEPS ( First among equals)

2) Princeps is what we refer to as emperors - from now on Rome will be governed by Princeps

Question 18

Emergency of Monarchy - How would the Roman Emperor Octavian aka Agustus (princeps) maintain his power w/o being perceived as king (rex)? (4)

Answer 18

1) Maintain respect of Senate
2) Hold supreme military ‘right to command’ (Imperium)
3) Other generals fight under the emperor’s auspices
4) Imperial family monopolizes triumph
5) Professional Standing Army
Answer: Hold the power of Magistrates w/o taking their office - solutions all emperors will carry forward

Question 19

Munera define -

Answer 19

Public spectacle of gladiator combat

Question 20

Where was Gladiator combat imported from and who was it attested by?

Answer 20

1) imported from Etruria

2) Attested by Funeral Ritual

Question 21

Define Ludi

Answer 21

games in honour of Gods - usually Chariot Races