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D1 > Nov 2019 > Flashcards

Nov 2019 Flashcards

1
Q

Are reversible processes frictionless? Why?
A. because the processes are driven by forces which imbalance is differential in magnitude;
B. because when reversed, retraces its forward path and restores the initial state of the system and surroundings.
C. none of these
D. because only infinitesimal changes occur;

A

because when reversed, retraces its forward path and restores the initial state of the system and surroundings.

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2
Q

Question: If radon -222 disintegrates to a stable condition by emitting three alpha emission and two beta emission, determine the stable nucleus formed.a. 222Rn86b. 192Ir77c. 137Cs55d. 210Pb82
If radon -222 disintegrates to a stable condition by emitting three alpha emission and two beta emission, determine the stable nucleus formed.
a. 222Rn86
b. 192Ir77
c. 137Cs55
d. 210Pb82

A

210Pb82

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3
Q

The person’s senses of smell and taste depend on specific biochemic receptors present in a person’s nose and mouth. In 2004, a Nobel prize was given to the researchers who established this fact and identified the type of organic compound associated with the sense of smell and taste. The chemical identified was;
A. an alcohol
B. rhodopsin
C. an ester
D. an isomer

A

rhodopsin

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4
Q

Define gluconeogenesis?
A. Positive ions are smaller and negative ions are smaller than their corresponding atoms.
B. Positive ions are larger and negative ions are larger than their corresponding atoms.
C. Positive ions are smaller and negative ions are larger than their corresponding atoms.
D. Positive ions are larger and negative ions are smaller than their corresponding atoms.

A

Positive ions are smaller and negative ions are larger than their corresponding atoms.

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5
Q

When a thorium-230 atom undergoes alpha decay, the products of the reaction are usually;
A. Radium and an alpha particle
B. Actinium and an alpha particle
C. Actinium and a positron
D. Radium and a positron

A

Radium and an alpha particle

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6
Q

In the study of fats and lipids, determine which of the two triglycerides has a higher melting point? Substance A- containing only lauric acid and glycerol, or substance B- containing only stearic acid and glycerol?
A. Both have the same melting points
B. B
C. A
D. None of these

A

B

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7
Q

Determine the number of neutrons of the radioactive isotope C14.
A. 14
B. 6
C. 8
D. 12

A

8

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8
Q

In the collision theory of chemical kinetics, it is suggested that reaction rate is governed by the relationship rate= Pz exp (Ea/Rt). What can an enzyme do to the activation energy of the reaction -Ea?
A. Enzymes can raise temperature to make the reaction proceed faster.
B. None of these.
C. Enzymes bind the reactants in close proximity for a longer period in order to get the reaction energy going.
D. Enzymes provide an alternative reaction pathway in lowering or increasing the energy level of the reaction.

A

Enzymes provide an alternative reaction pathway in lowering or increasing the energy level of the reaction.

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9
Q

A chemical reaction may occur;
A. When atoms of two elements undergo a loss in electrons for one element or a gain in electrons for the other;
B. When a nonmetal element steals electrons from another nonmetal element in order to achieve a stable configuration;
C. None of these
D. When covalent bonds in two elements are transformed into polar covalent bonding during an oxidation/ reduction process

A

When atoms of two elements undergo a loss in electrons for one element or a gain in electrons for the other

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10
Q

To which subatomic particle does each statement refer to a) has a positive charge; b) is found outside of the nucleus; c) has the smallest mass; d) has a negative charge
A. electron, electron, proton, proton
B. proton, electron, proton, electron
C. electron, proton, electron, proton
D. proton, electron, electron, proton

A

proton, electron, proton, electron

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11
Q

What is the significance of colligative property in physical chemistry?
A. It refers to the freezing point, depression, boiling point elevation, osmotic pressure and lowering of the vapor pressure by a nonvolatile solute;
B. It refers to the temperature, pressure and energy of fusion of volatile solutes in phase equilibrium;
C. It refers to the non existence of pressure among molecules within the solute;
D. It refers to the temperature differentials exhibited by non volatile solutes in reactions

A

It refers to the freezing point, depression, boiling point elevation, osmotic pressure and lowering of the vapor pressure by a nonvolatile solute

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12
Q

What organic product is formed when C6H5CH2COOH is treated with
CH3OH + H2SO4 (catalyst)
B. C6H5CH2COO-Na+ = CO2H2O
C. C6H5CH2CH2OH
D. C6H5CH2CO2CH3 + H2O

A

C6H5CH2CO2CH3 + H2O

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13
Q

Define a salt in terms of acid and bases.
A. A salt is a compound that follows le chatelier’s principle in reactions with other compounds.
B. all of these
C. A salt is a compound formed when the nucleus of a hydrogen atom enters a quantity of water.
D. A salt is a compound other than water) produced by the reaction of an acid and a base

A

A salt is a compound other than water) produced by the reaction of an acid and a base

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14
Q

In order to describe the intensive state of a system at equilibrium, specify the degrees of freedom for a one-phase, two phase system and three phase system:
A. F=2; F=l; and F=0
B. F=1; F=2; and F=3
C. F=0; F=1; and F=2
D. F=3; F=2; and F=1

A

F=2; F=l; and F=0

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15
Q

Applying the Octet Rule, determine how many electrons each must each atom gain or lose to acquire an electron configuration identical to the noble gas nearest to it in atomic number; Sr, S and Si;
A. krypton; argon; argon and neon;
B. neon; argon and krypton; krypton;
C. none of these
D. argon; krypton; krypton and argon;

A

krypton; argon; argon and neon

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16
Q

What is the “buckyball”?
A. An epoxy resin
B. C60H+++
C. A fullerene
D. Sodium benzoate

A

fullerene

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17
Q

Determine whether the following statements are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F)
about constitutional isomers:
a. They have the same molecular formula
b. They have the same physical properties
c. They have the same molecular weight
d. They have the connectivity of their atoms
A. T, F, T, F
B. F, T, F, T
C. T, F, F, T
D. F, F, T, T

A

T, F, T, F

18
Q

The element neon was discovered in 1898 by;
A. Marks and Howell
B. Travers and Ramsey
C. Davy and Russel
D. Pontin and Berzelius

A

Travers and Ramsey

19
Q

A gaseous system contains CO, CO2, H2, H2O and C6H6 in chemical equilibrium. Determine how many components here are, how many independent reactions and number of degrees of freedom?

A. 1;2;4
B. none of these
C. 2;3; 6
D. 3;2;4

A

3;2;4

20
Q

Draw the condensed and skeletal structures of d-ethyl ether which is used by most doctors and hospitals as an anesthetic during operations.
H H H H
H-C-C-O-C-C-H
H H H H

A. C2H5OC2H5
B. C6H6O6
C. C5H10O
D. CH3CH2OCH2CH3

A

CH3CH2OCH2CH3

21
Q

Identify the organic compounds in the following equation:
CH3CH (OH)CH2CHO (?)
—-> CH3CH = CHO (?) + H20

A. butanol;cis/trans butanol
B. butanoic acid; butanoic acid
C. carbonyl aldehyde; cis or trans-isomer
D. butanol; butaldehyde

A

carbonyl aldehyde; cis or trans-isomer (?)

22
Q

Balance the equation:
_(NH2 ) 2 CO + _H20 —> _CO2 + _NH4 + _OH
A. 1,1,2,1
B. 1,1,1,1
C. 2,1,1,1
D. 3,2, 2, 1

A

1,1,2,1

23
Q

Applying the Gibbs phase rule in the degrees of freedom, determine the number of degrees of freedom of a: liquid water in equilibrium with its vapour; b: liquid water in equilibrium with a mixture of water vapor and nitrogen; c: a liquid solution of alcohol in water in equilibrium with
its vapor.
A. F=1; F=4; F=3
B. F=2;F=3;F=3
C. F=1;F=2; F=2
D. F=2;F=3;F=2

A

F=1;F=2; F=2

24
Q

What is the Clapeyron Equation?
A. Any of these
B. It postulates that the colligative properties, freezing point depression, boiling point, elevation, osmotic pressure and vapor pressures are all dependent on the number in a solution and any change thereof is described
C. It postulates that if two components systems consisting of solid and liquid phases are miscible in the liquid state and immiscible in the oslid state, only the pure solid systems will separate cut on cooling solutions.
D. It postulates that if the temperature and pressure are both given by the equation.

A

It postulates that if the temperature and pressure are both given by the equation.

25
Q

Biochemical compounds are either hydrophilic, hydrophobic or ampiphatic.
Classify the following compounds; glucose, stearic acid, soaps, fatty acids.
A. Ampiphatic, ampihatic, hydrophobic, hydrophobic
B. Hydrophilic, hydrophobic, ampiphatic, hydrophobic
c: Hydrophilit, amp-pratic, ampiphatic, hydrophobic
D. Hydrophobic, hydrophilic, hydrophobic, ampiphatic

A

Hydrophilic, hydrophobic, ampiphatic, hydrophobic

26
Q

In the collision theory of chemical kinetics, It is suggested that reaction rate is governed by the relationship rate = PZ exp (Ea/RT). What can an enzyme do to the activation energy of the reaction - Ea?
A. Enzymes can raise temperature to make the reaction proceed faster.
B. Enzymes provide an alternative reaction pathway in lowering or increasing the energy level of the reaction.
C. None of these
D. Enzymes bind the reactants in close proximity for a longer period in order to get the reaction energy going.

A

Enzymes provide an alternative reaction pathway in lowering or increasing the energy level of the reaction.

27
Q

These compounds are formed by the reaction of acids with alcohols.
A. Ethers
B. Esters
C. Bases
D. Enzymes

A

Esters

28
Q

The two most common components of acid rain are;
A. nitric and carbonic acid
B. nitric acid and sulfuric acid
C. carbonic acid and sulfuric acid
D. phosphoric acid and nitric acid

A

nitric acid and sulfuric acid

29
Q

Are galvanic cells and electrolytic cells the same? Why?
A.No, because galvanic cells are electrochemical cells in which chemical cells occur spontaneously; while in electrolytic cells, the chemical reaction is caused by an externally applied potential difference.
B, No, because galvanic cells need a constant supply of electricity while electrolytic cells depend on intermittent sources of power;
C. Yes, because they are both electrochemical cells and their uses are common to each other.
D. Yes, because galvanic cells and electrolytic cells are both electrochemical cells.

A

No, because galvanic cells are electrochemical cells in which chemical cells occur spontaneously; while in electrolytic cells, the chemical reaction is caused by an externally applied potential difference.

30
Q

State Le Chatelier’s principle;
A. Le Chateliers principle states that when a stress is placed on a system in equilibrium, the system tends to change in a way that relieves the stress.
B. All of these
C. Examples of the application of Le chateliers principle are blowing your breath through a straw and dissolving alka seltzer tablet in a glass of water.
D. Le Chateliers principle explains both the formation and decomposition of acids, where anything that might act to increase the concentration of an acid would produce an increase in the other components so as to keep the numerical

A

All of these

31
Q

Define is DNA? RNA?
A. Beta ribose phosphoric acid and 1,2 ribonucleic add
B. Deoxyribo-nucleic acid and ribonusleic acid
C. Di-oxyl nucleic acid and cystosine
D. 1,2-deoxyribose and cystosine

A

Deoxyribo-nucleic acid and ribonusleic acid

32
Q

In a dehydration reaction where water is lost, an organic compound C3H8O reacts with concentrated phosphoric and a product is formed. This product rapidly decolorizes a solution of bromine in tetrachlormethane. What is a product?
A. Propanol
B. Propanolol-2
C. Propene
D. Propanol-1

A

Propene

33
Q

Match the radioactive isotope with its proper use:
a. Cobalt 60
b. Thallium 201
c.Tritium
d. Mercury 197
1. heart scan in exercise
2. measure water content of body
3. kidney scan
4. cancer therapy

A. a-2; b-3; c-4; d-1
B. a-1; b-2; c-3; d-4
C. a-3; b-4; c-1; d-2
D. a-4; b-1; c-2; d-3

A

a-4; b-1; c-2; d-3

34
Q

Name the major physiologically active substance that comes from: bark the willow tree, the pituitary gland, the sap of the poppy and the belladenna plant.
A. Cocaine, reserpine, salicin, atropine
B. Reserpine, atropine, B-endorphine, opium
c. Opium, cocaine, salicin and resarpine
D. Salicin, beta-endomorphin, opium, atropine

A

Salicin, beta-endomorphin, opium, atropine

35
Q

Taurine, a Beta amino acid belongs to the acidic group of:
A. - SO2OH
B. -COONH3
C. -COOH
D. -C=OH

A

-COOH

36
Q

Define entropy.
A. Entropy is a function of the state of the system and determines whether a physical change or chemical reaction can occur spontaneously in a closed system;
B. Entropy is the opposite of enthalpy;
C. Entropy determines the time required for a reaction to proceed and complete;
D. All of these

A

Entropy is a function of the state of the system and determines whether a physical change or chemical reaction can occur spontaneously in a closed system

37
Q

The theory of resonance was developed by __ in order to further explain the bonding structures of molecules or ions not covered by the Lewis Octet rule.
A. Alfred Nobel
B. Linus Pauling
C. Le Chatelier
D. Emmanuel Kroop

A

Linus Pauling

38
Q

When the same amount of solid iodine is added to two identical glass tubes, stoppered and then heated to the same temperature, it was observed that the color in the two tubes is seen to be the same and solid iodine is still present in the bottom of the tubes. If a lot of additional iodine crystals are added to one of the tubes, is(are) there any charge (s).
A. there is no change in the color of the vapor.
B. the iodine crystals are not dissolved.
C. the color of the vapor in that tube will become lighter.
D. the color of the vapor in that tube will become darker.

A

the color of the vapor in that tube will become darker

39
Q

If there are two closed systems with fixed volumes and in thermal contact, the changes in the properties of both systems may reach a certain state. If there systems are involved, then all systems are in equal state:
A. True
B. None of these
C. False
D. Not entirely true or false

A

True?

40
Q

Balance the equation when methanol is used as the formula one fuel for the racing cars, assuming that complete combustion at air.

_CH3OH+ _O2 → _CO2 + _H2O
A. 1,2,4,3
B. 4,3,1,2
C. 2,3,2,4
D. 3,1,3,1

A

2,3,2,4

41
Q

Whatever the compound, the gram molecular weight contains the same number of molecules, known as Avogadro’s number. It is expressed as
A. 6.02 x 10^23 particles per mole
B. 6.02 × 10^23 ions per mole
C. 6.02 x 10^23 atoms per mole
D. 6.02 x 10^23 electrons per mole

A

C. 6.02 x 10^23 atoms per mole

42
Q

The distance of the earth to the most remote normal galaxy is calculated
to be :
A. 2 x 10^22 meters
B. 1.4 × 10^26 meters
C. 4 x 10^16 meters
D. 9 × 10^25 meters

A

D. 9 × 10^25 meters

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