Nouns, Definite Article and Indefinite Article Flashcards
Definite Article used for masculine nouns
Le
Definite Article used for feminine nouns
La
Definite Articles used for nouns that begins with a vowel or silent “h” (masc or fem)
L’
Gender Identification:
Words with these endings are usually _______? (-asme, -isme, -eau, -ment, -acle)
Masculine
Gender Identification:
Words with these endings are usually _______? (-sion, -tion, -aison, -ance, -ence, -té, -ude, -ale, -ole, -ie, -ure)
Feminine
Gender Identification:
Occupations that ends with -ent, -cat, -eur, -cien are _________
Masculine
Gender Identification:
Occupations that ends with -ente, -cate, -euse, -cienne, -rice are _________
Feminine
Gender Identification:
Occupations such as “le médcin”, “l’écrivain” and “le professeur” does not have a feminine form. To make them feminine what word do we put in between the definite article and the noun (occupation)?
Femme
Nouns with different meanings in Masculine and Feminine Forms:
The french word for “helper”
L’aide (M)
Nouns with different meanings in Masculine and Feminine Forms:
The french word for “help”
L’aide (F)
Nouns with different meanings in Masculine and Feminine Forms:
The french word for “critic”
Le critique
Nouns with different meanings in Masculine and Feminine Forms:
The french word for “criticism”
La critique
Nouns with different meanings in Masculine and Feminine Forms:
The french word for “guide”
Le guide
Nouns with different meanings in Masculine and Feminine Forms:
The french word for “reins” (of a horse)
La guide
Nouns with different meanings in Masculine and Feminine Forms:
The french word for “book”
Le livre
Nouns with different meanings in Masculine and Feminine Forms:
The french word for “pound”
La livre
Nouns with different meanings in Masculine and Feminine Forms:
The french word for “handle”
Le manche
Nouns with different meanings in Masculine and Feminine Forms:
The french word for “sleeve”
La manche
Nouns with different meanings in Masculine and Feminine Forms:
The french word for “method” or “mode”
Le mode
Nouns with different meanings in Masculine and Feminine Forms:
The french word for “fashion”
La mode
Nouns with different meanings in Masculine and Feminine Forms:
The french word for “mold”
Le moule
Nouns with different meanings in Masculine and Feminine Forms:
The french word for “mussel”
La moule
Nouns with different meanings in Masculine and Feminine Forms:
The french word for “office” or “duty”
L’office (M)
Nouns with different meanings in Masculine and Feminine Forms:
The french word for “pantry”
L’office (F)
Nouns with different meanings in Masculine and Feminine Forms:
The french word for “page-boy”
Le page
Nouns with different meanings in Masculine and Feminine Forms:
The french word for “page” (of a book)
La page
Nouns with different meanings in Masculine and Feminine Forms:
The french word for “pendulum”
Le pendule
Nouns with different meanings in Masculine and Feminine Forms:
The french word for “clock” (small old clock)
La pendule
Nouns with different meanings in Masculine and Feminine Forms:
The french word for “stove”
Le poêle
Nouns with different meanings in Masculine and Feminine Forms:
The french word for “frying pan”
La poêle
Nouns with different meanings in Masculine and Feminine Forms:
The french word for “job offer/job posting”
Le poste
Nouns with different meanings in Masculine and Feminine Forms:
The french word for “post office”
La poste
Nouns with different meanings in Masculine and Feminine Forms:
The french word for “nap”
Le somme
Nouns with different meanings in Masculine and Feminine Forms:
The french word for “sum”
La somme
Nouns with different meanings in Masculine and Feminine Forms:
The french word for “turn” or “walk around”
Le tour
Nouns with different meanings in Masculine and Feminine Forms:
The french word for “tower”
La tour
Nouns with different meanings in Masculine and Feminine Forms:
The french word for “vase”
Le vase
Nouns with different meanings in Masculine and Feminine Forms:
The french word for “mud”
La vase
Nouns with different meanings in Masculine and Feminine Forms:
The french word for “veil”
Le voile
Nouns with different meanings in Masculine and Feminine Forms:
The french word for “sail”
La voile
Definite Article used for all plural nouns
Les
It is the pronunciation of a normally silent final consonant at the beginning of the next word if it starts with a vowel sound. This creates a smoother transition between words and improves flow in spoken French.
Liaison
French word for:
Arm
Le bras
French word for:
Time (occurence or frequency)
La fois
French word for:
Verse (a verse in literature or poetry)
Le vers
French word for:
Price
Le prix
French word for:
Voice
La voix
French word for:
Nose (part of the body)
Le nez
French word for:
Pit (of a fruit) (core)
Le noyau
French word for:
Boat
Le bateau
French word for:
Castle
Le château
French word for:
Skin (part of the body)
La peau
French word for:
Fire
Le feu
French word for:
Game
Le jeu
French word for:
Wish
Le vœu
French word for:
Carriage (a type of stroller with a reclining bed for newborns)
Le landau
French word for:
Tire
Le pneu
French word for:
Nail (metal piece used in construction)
Le clou
French word for:
Penny (a coin)
Le sou
French word for:
Hole (an opening or a gap)
Le trou
French word for:
Jewel (a piece of jewelry)
Le bijou
French word for:
Stone (a pebble or rock)
Le caillou
French word for:
Cabbage
Le chou
French word for:
Knee (part of a body)
Le genou
French word for:
Owl (a type of bird): another term from la chouette
Le hibou
French word for:
Toy
Le joujou
French word for:
Flea or Louse (a parasitic insect that feeds on blood)
Le pou
French word for:
Animal
L’animal
French word for:
Horse
Le cheval
French word for:
Ball (a type of an event)
Le bal
French word for:
Carnival (a type of festivity or event)
Le carnaval
French word for:
Festival (another word from “fête”)
Le festival
French word for:
Sweater (type of clothing)
Le chandail
French word for:
Detail (detailed information)
Le détail
French word for:
Fan - used to cool oneself or;
Could also use as a figurative sense which means range or variety
L’éventail
French word for:
Lease (rent or rental agreement)
Le bail
French word for:
Work
Le travail
French word for:
Stained-glass window
Le vitrail
French word for:
Ancestor
L’aïeul
French word for:
Old fellow or fellow man
Le bonhomme
French word for:
Sky or Heaven
Le ciel
French word for:
Gentleman or Noble man
Le gentilhomme
French word for:
Eye (part of a body)
L’œil
French word for:
Mister (Mr.)
Monsieur
French word for:
Mrs.
Madame
French word for:
Miss (Ms.)
Madamoiselle
Does family names add -s to make them plural? (Yes or No)
No
French word for:
Cattle or;
Livestock - used to describe domesticated animals that are raised on farms for products like milk, meat, or labor, such as cows, sheep, goats, and pigs
Le bétail
Note: This noun always stays in singular form
French word for:
Family
La famille
Note: This noun always stays in singular form
French word for:
Police
La police
Note: This noun always stays in singular form
French word for:
Engagement - it is a period or ceremony before couples get married
Les fiançailles
Note: This noun always stays in plural form
French word for:
Funeral
Les funérailles
Note: This noun always stays in plural form
French word for:
Fee - also known as a charge or payment for a service
Les honoraires
Note: This noun always stays in plural form
It is a noun made up of two or more words that come together to form a single noun with a specific meaning
Nom Composé (Compound Noun)
These compound nouns add -s or -x to both parts/words when forming their plural form:
a. formed by two nouns, a noun + adjective or two adjectives;
b. formed by a noun and its complement (another noun that compliments the other noun);
c. formed by an invariable word and a noun;
d. formed by a verb and a noun
A. Noun + Noun; Noun + Adjective; or two Adjectives
These compound nouns make only the “first part/word” the plural:
a. formed by two nouns, a noun + adjective or two adjectives;
b. formed by a noun and its complement (another noun that compliments the other noun);
c. formed by an invariable word and a noun;
d. formed by a verb and a noun
B. Noun + Noun (another noun that complements the other)
These compound nouns make only the “noun” word/part is made plural:
a. formed by two nouns, a noun + adjective or two adjectives;
b. formed by a noun and its complement (another noun that compliments the other noun);
c. formed by an invariable word and a noun;
d. formed by a verb and a noun
C. Invariable word + Noun
These compound nouns make both parts the same (as is):
a. formed by two nouns, a noun + adjective or two adjectives;
b. formed by a noun and its complement (another noun that compliments the other noun);
c. formed by an invariable word and a noun;
d. formed by a verb and a noun
D. Verb + Noun
If the compound noun has a word that stays in singular form or plural form. How to form the compound noun into its plural form?
The compound noun stays the same.
French word for:
Brother-in-law
Le beau-frère
French word for:
Sister-in-law
La belle-sœur
French word for:
Cauliflower
Le chou-fleur
French word for:
Safe or Vault
Le coffre-fort
French word for:
Grandmother
La grand-mère
French word for:
Grandfather
Le grand-père
French word for:
Dining car
Le wagon-restaurant
French word for:
Rainbow
L’arc-en-ciel
French word for:
Masterpiece
Le chef-d’œuvre
French word for:
Stamp or Postage stamp
Le timbre-poste
French word for:
Forerunner or Precursor - someone or something that signals or announces an event or change before it happens.
L’avant-courer
French word for:
Right-thinking or Orthodox person - a person who adheres to conventional or widely accepted beliefs, particularly in a way that is considered overly moralistic or self-righteous
Le bien-pensant
French word for:
Lampshade
L’abat-jour
French word for:
Skyscraper
Le gratte-ciel
French word for:
Windshield
Le pare-brise
French word for:
Passkey
Le passe-partout
French word for:
Alarm clock
Le réveille-matin
French word for:
Toothpick
Le cure-dent
French word for:
Bedspread
Le couvre-lit
French word for:
Corkscrew
Le tire-bouchon
French word for:
Afternoon
L’après-midi
French word for:
Canapé; hors d’œuvre
Le hors-d’œuvre
French word for:
Private Talk
Le tête-à-tête
Enumerate the nouns that are essential to always have a Definite Article (Le, La, L’, Les)
- General or Abstract Noun;
- Titles (Professions);
- Languages and Academic Subjects;
- Days of the Week, Seasons, Dates and Time Expressions;
- Continents, Countries, Provinces, Regions, Islands, Mountains and Rivers;
- Weights and Measures; and
- Parts of the Body or Clothing
When are the times you omit or remove the definite article in a sentence?
Definite articles are removed…
1. before nouns in apposition;
2. after “avec” or “sans” when used with an abstract noun;
3. when preposition “de” introduces a noun that modifies another noun; and
4. when preposition “en” (which means ‘in’) before the noun is present
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With General or Abstract Nouns (including infinitives and adjectives as abstract noun):
Translate in French
“He likes bananas”
“Il aime les bananes”
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With General or Abstract Nouns (including infinitives and adjectives as abstract noun):
Translate in French
“Biology is a science”
“La biologie est une science”
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With General or Abstract Nouns (including infinitives and adjectives as abstract noun):
Translate in French
“Cigarettes are not good for the health”
“Les cigarettes ne sont pas bonnes pour la santé”
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With General or Abstract Nouns (including infinitives and adjectives as abstract noun):
Translate in French
“Laughter is good for mental health”
Le rire est bon pour la santé mentale”
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Titles:
Translate in French
“Doctor Martin is a dentist”
“Le docteur Martin est dentiste”
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Titles:
Translate in French
“Hello, Doctor Martin”
“Bonjour, docteur Martin”
Note: If the noun is before an apposition, definite article is omitted
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Titles:
Translate in French
“General Pierron has arrived”
“Le général Pierron est arrivé”
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Titles:
Translate in French
“How are you, General Pierron?”
Comment allez-vous, général Pierron?
Note: If the noun is before an apposition, definite article is omitted
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Titles:
Translate in French
“Good morning, Mrs. President”
“Bonjour, madame la présidente”
Note: In a formal address, definite article is used before the title.
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Titles:
Translate in French
“Mr. Le Blanc is coming”
“Monsieur Le Blanc vient”
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Titles:
Translate in French
“How are you, Mr. Le Blanc?”
“Comment allez-vous, monsieur Le Blanc?”
Note: When using “monsieur”, “madame” and “mademoiselle”, definite article is unnecessary if it is NOT followed by a Title or Profession.
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Languages and Academic Subjects:
Translate in French
“French is a beautiful language”
“Le français est une belle langue”
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Languages and Academic Subjects:
Translate in French
“I study French and English”
“J’étudie le français et l’anglais”
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Languages and Academic Subjects:
Translate in French
“I speak French”
“Je parle français”
Note: If the language is immediately followed after the verb “parler” the definite article is removed.
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Languages and Academic Subjects:
Translate in French
“I have a French book”
“J’ai un livre de français”
Note: If the language is followed by a preposition “de” the definite article is removed.
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Languages and Academic Subjects:
Translate in French
“This book is written in French”
“Ce livre est écrit en français”
Note: If the language is followed by a preposition “en” (which means ‘in’) the definite article is removed.
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Languages and Academic Subjects:
Translate in French
“I study history and mathematics”
“J’étudie l’histoire et les mathematiques”
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Days of the Week, Seasons, Dates and Time Expressions:
Translate in French
“I have my French class on Mondays”
“J’ai ma class de français le lundi”
Note: The definite article has the meaning of “every” or “on” in a sentence. This give the impression of a habitual occurrence of an activity.
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Days of the Week, Seasons, Dates and Time Expressions:
Translate in French
“On Sunday (s), I don’t work”
“Le dimanche, je ne travaille pas”
Note: Always remember, if it has the meaning of “on” or “every” (habitual occurrence) the definite article must be present before the noun.
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Days of the Week, Seasons, Dates and Time Expressions:
Translate in French
“I went to the movies on Monday”
“Je suis allé au cinéma lundi”
Note: If you are talking about a particular day or a specific day/date/time, definite article is removed.
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Days of the Week, Seasons, Dates and Time Expressions:
Translate in French
“I will come to see you on Sunday”
“Je viendrai vous voir samedi”
Note: Always remember, if you are talking about a particular day, remove the definite article.
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Days of the Week, Seasons, Dates and Time Expressions:
Translate in French
“Sunday is the last day of the week”
“Dimanche est le dernier jour de la semaine”
Note: Oops, remember talking about a particular day.
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Days of the Week, Seasons, Dates and Time Expressions:
Translate in French
“In the morning, I go to the gym”
“Le matin, je vais à la salle de sport”
Note: In french, definite articles also has the meaning of “in the” when talking about the parts of the day (morning, mid-day, afternoon, evening and night)
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Days of the Week, Seasons, Dates and Time Expressions:
Translate in French
“I always have breakfast in the morning”
“Je prends toujours mon petit-déjeuner le matin”
Note: Always remember, when you are talking about habitual occurrences or it has the meaning of “in the”, always put definite article.
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Days of the Week, Seasons, Dates and Time Expressions:
Translate in French
“Summer is a nice season”
“L’été est une saison agréable”
Note: If you are describing a season, definite article must be present
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Days of the Week, Seasons, Dates and Time Expressions:
Translate in French
“Winter is a cold season”
“L’hiver est une saison froide”
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Days of the Week, Seasons, Dates and Time Expressions:
Translate in French
“I ski in winter”
“Je fais du ski en hiver”
Note: Always remember the preposition “en” - Seasons of the year always use “en” as preposition with a translation of “in” in English.
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Days of the Week, Seasons, Dates and Time Expressions:
Translate in French
“In summer, my family always goes the beach”
“En été, ma famille va toujours à la plage”
Note: Definite article is removed because preposition “en” is present before the word “été” (season of the year).
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Days of the Week, Seasons, Dates and Time Expressions:
Translate in French
“Winter dresses”
“Les robes d’hiver”
Note: Oops, remember the preposition “de” before the season of the year.
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Days of the Week, Seasons, Dates and Time Expressions:
Translate in French
“On the 15th of September, classes resumes”
“Le quinze (15) septembre, les classes recommencent”
Note: If you are talking about dates, definite article is necessary. Usually uses masculine form.
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Days of the Week, Seasons, Dates and Time Expressions:
Translate in French
“He will be here on August 10th”
“Il sera ici le dix (10) août”
Note: Always remember, dates always need a definite article.
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Continents, Countries, Provinces, Regions, Islands, Mountains and Rivers:
Translate in French
“France is not a large country”
“La France n’est pas un grand pays”
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Continents, Countries, Provinces, Regions, Islands, Mountains and Rivers:
Translate in French
“North America is a vast continent”
“L’Amerique du Nord est un vaste continent”
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Continents, Countries, Provinces, Regions, Islands, Mountains and Rivers:
Translate in French
“Mount Tremblant is a famous mountain in Canada”
“Le mont-tremblant est une montagne célèbre au Canada”
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Continents, Countries, Provinces, Regions, Islands, Mountains and Rivers:
Translate in French
“I am going to France”
“Je vais en France”
Note: Remember the preposition “en”.
“En” is also translated as “to” or “to the” for Feminine nouns (for countries, continents, provinces, regions, islands, mountains and rivers) and also those Masculine nouns that starts with vowel letters.
(Cities and specific places not included for the use “à” as preposition)
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Continents, Countries, Provinces, Regions, Islands, Mountains and Rivers:
Translate in French
“The history of France”
“L’histoire de France”
Note: Take note of that preposition “de”. Did you see that?
Are Cities included with the usage of Definite Articles? (Yes or No)
No
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Continents, Countries, Provinces, Regions, Islands, Mountains and Rivers:
Translate in French
“Paris is a beautiful city”
“Paris est une belle ville”
Note: Cities are not included in using definite articles. BUT when the name of the city is modified, definite article is considered.
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Continents, Countries, Provinces, Regions, Islands, Mountains and Rivers:
Translate in French
“I like the old Paris”
“J’aime le vielle Paris”
Note: The name of the city is modified. Therefore, the usage of definite article is necessary.
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Weights and Measures:
Translate in French
“Tomatoes costs $ 2.25 per kilo”
“Les tomates coûtent deux dollars vingt-cinq centimes ($2.25) le kilo”
Note: When talking about weights and measures, definite articles also mean “per” or “a”.
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Weights and Measures:
Translate in French
“Eggs cost $1.45 a dozen”
“Les œufs coûtent un dollar quarante-cinq centimes la douzaine”
Note: Always remember, when you are trying to say “per” or “a” referring to a weight or measure, use a definite article.
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Parts of the Body and Parts of a Clothing:
Translate in French
“He washes his hands”
“Il se lave les mains”
Note: When you are talking about parts of your body, in French, usage of Definite Article sounds more natural rather than Possessive Adjectives. This is to avoid ambiguity.
USAGE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES
With Parts of the Body and Parts of a Clothing:
Translate in French
“He put his hands in his pockets”
“Il met les mains dans les poches”
Note: Sometimes parts of a clothing uses Definite Article instead of using Possessive Adjectives.
When talking about definite article contraction:
à + le (to the, at the) = ?
au
When talking about definite article contraction:
à + les (to the, at the) = ?
aux
When talking about definite article contraction:
à + la (to the, at the) = ?
à la
When talking about definite article contraction:
à + l’ (to the, at the) = ?
à l’
Translate:
“I am going to the cinéma”
“Je vais au cinéma”
Translate:
“I am speaking to the boys”
“Je parle aux garçons”
Translate:
“I am going to the beach”
“Je vais à la plage”T
Translate:
“I just arrived at the hospital”
“Je viens d’arriver à l’hôpital”
When talking about definite article contraction:
de + le (from the, about the, of the) = ?
du
When talking about definite article contraction:
de + les (from the, about the, of the) = ?
des
When talking about definite article contraction:
de + la (from the, about the, of the) = ?
de la
When talking about definite article contraction:
de + l’ (from the, about the, of the) = ?
de l’
Translate:
“I came from the Philippines”
“Je suis venu des Philippines”
Note: If you are talking about a feminine country though, “la” is omitted. (Je suis venu de France - I came from France)
Translate:
“I’m talking about the girl”
“Je parle de la fille”
Translate:
“I am talking about the movies that I saw last Saturday”
“Je parle des films que j’ai vus samedi dernier”
Quick Grammar Tip: If the passé composé comes after the direct object (the noun that was being talked about) the past participle must agree in gender and number (e.g. films - j’ai vus)
Translate:
“I am talking about the boy”
“Je parle du garçon”
Translate:
“I speak about the student”
“Je parle de l’élève”
It is an Indefinite Article for masculine nouns
Un
It is an Indefinite Article for feminine nouns
Une
It is an Indefinite Article for plural nouns
Des
When are the times you omit or remove the indefinite article in a sentence?
Indefinite articles are removed…
1. after the verb être then followed by an unmodified noun (indicating nationality, religion or profession);
2. after “quel” which means (what a…);
3. before nouns in apposition;
4. after a noun that is a complement of another noun;
5. after the preposition “sans”;
6. after “avec” when used with abstract noun and unmodified nouns; and
7. after “ni…ni” which means (neither…nor)
It is an article that is used with nouns that cannot be counted (w/o specific count) or has an English term of saying “some” or “any”.
L’article Partitif (Partitive Article)
Does Partitive Article uses article contraction? (Yes or No)
Yes
Translate:
“I have some soup”
“J’ai de la soupe”
Translate:
“She wants some sugar”
“Elle veut du sucre”
Translate:
“Do you want any oranges?”
“Voulez-vous des oranges?”
Translate:
“We have some books”
“Nous avons des livres”
Translate:
“He drinks coffee”
“Il boit du café”
Translate:
“I would like to buy some tomatoes and bananas”
“Je voudrais acheter des tomates et des bananes”
Translate:
“Here is some cake”
“Voici du gâteau”
In negative sentences, partitive article is replaced by “de” or “d’ “ without article contraction. (Yes or No)
Yes
Translate:
“I don’t have any bread”
“Je n’ai pas de pain”
Translate:
“I don’t have a dress”
“Je n’ai pas de robe”
Translate:
“I have no friends”
“Je n’ai pas d’amis”
Partitive article becomes “de” (w/o article contraction) when an adjective precedes a noun in the plural. (Yes or No)
Yes
If an adjective goes after the noun in the plural, does partitive + article contraction applies? (Yes or No)
Yes
Translate:
“I have a good book”
“J’ai un bon livre”
Translate:
“I have good books”
“J’ai de bons livres”
Translate:
“I have an interesting book”
“J’ai un livre intéressant”
Translate:
“I have interesting books”
“J’ai des livres intéressants”
90% of French Adjectives goes after the noun that they describe. (Yes or No)
Yes
If an adjective and noun are very closely related - almost treated as one single noun, does partitive article DO NOT use contraction? (Yes or No)
No
Note: If adjective and noun when joined together and is almost treated as one single noun, always remember that partitive article does include contraction.
Examples:
des jeunes filles (girls)
des jeunes gens (young people)
des petits pains (rolls)
des petits pois (peas)
Article contraction is omitted if Partitive article comes after the Expressions of Quantity and Expressions with “de”. (Yes or No)
Yes
Enumerate the EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY (that uses article contraction):
- assez (enough)
- beaucoup (a lot)
- peu (a little)
- trop (too much)
- tant (so many, as many)
- autant (so much, as much)
- moins (less)
Enumerate the EXPRESSIONS OF “de”:
- un boîte (a box)
- une bouteille (a bottle)
- un verre (a glass)
- une tasse (a cup)
- un kilo (a kilo)
- un litre (a liter)
- une livre (a pound)
- une douzaine (a dozen)
- un morceau (a piece)
- un tranche (a slice)
Enumerate the EXPRESSIONS with “de”:
(to need), (to desire/to want) and (to get along without) -
- avoir besoin de (to need)
- avoir envie de (to desire/to want)
- se passer de (to get along without)
There are also expressions that uses article contraction. Enumerate these expressions:
- La plupart (most)
- Bien (many)
Translate:
“She wants some water”
“Elle veut de l’eau”
Translate:
“She wants a little water”
“Elle veut un peu d’eau”
Translate:
“He has some books”
“Il a des livres”
Translate:
“He has a lot of books”
“Il a beaucoup de livres”
Translate:
“I am drinking wine”
“Je bois du vin”
Translate:
“I’m drinking a glass of wine”
“Je bois un verre de vin”
Translate:
“I have some money”
“J’ai de l’argent”
Translate:
“I need some money”
“J’ai besoin d’argent”
Translate:
“Most of the time, I work”
“La plupart du temps, je travaille”
Translate:
“Many times, he makes mistakes”
“Bien des fois, il fait des fautes”
These Expressions of Quantity DO NOT REQUIRE partitive article at all:
- Plusieurs (several)
- Quelques (a few/some)
Translate:
“I have a lot of books”
“J’ai beaucoup de livres”
Translate:
“I have several books”
“J’ai plusieurs livres”
Translate:
“I have enough books”
“J’ai assez de livres”
Translate:
“I have few books”
“J’ai quelques livres”
In Expressions of Quantity, “de” CAN be used before a pronoun. (Yes or No)
No
Note: Always remember that Expressions of Quantity DO NOT use “de” before a pronoun - So, “D’entre” is used instead.
Example:
plusieurs d’entre eux (several of them)
quelques-un d’entre vous (a few/some of you)
Translate:
“There are a few of us in this building”
“Il y a quelques-uns d’entre nous dans le bâtiment”
Translate:
“Many of them made mistakes”
“Bien d’entre eux ont fait des fautes”
