Noun Cases

Question 1

What are the major uses of the Nominative Case?

Answer 1

1) Subject
2) Predicate Nominative
3) Apposition

Question 2

What does it mean for a noun to be used in Apposition (in any case)?

Answer 2

It further explains the noun by clarification, description, or identification.

Question 3

What is a Nominative of Address?

Answer 3

Used in the place of the vocative in direct address.

Question 4

What is a Nominative of Appellation?

Answer 4

Used in conjunction with an address or title where a case other than the Nominative would be expected.

Question 5

What is the difference between a Nominative Absolute and a Hanging Nominative?

Answer 5

Absolutes are grammatically independent uses of the Nominative and are used in introductory material (titles, headings, etc.).
Hanging Nominatives precede a sentence and serve as the logical, rather than syntactical, subject (e.g. “The victor: I will make him a pillar…”).

Question 6

What are the major categories of the Genitive Case?

Answer 6

1) Adjectival
2) Verbal
3) Adverbial

Question 7

What’s the difference between a Subjective and Objective use of the Genitive?

Answer 7

These are verbal uses of the Genitive…
Subjective: functions as the subject of the verbal idea implied in the head noun, producing the action (e.g. Who can separate us from the “love of Christ”?)
Objective: functions as the direct object of the verbal idea, receiving the action (e.g. Have faith “in God”)

Question 8

What are the adjectival uses of the Genitive? (DAPPR CMS)

Answer 8

1) Description (catch all category)
2) Attributive
3) Possession
4) Relationship
5) Source
6) Material or Content
7) Partitive

Question 9

What are the adverbial uses of the Genitive? (TPS CAMP)

Answer 9

1) Time or Place
2) Separation
3) Means or Agency
4) Comparison
5) Price

Question 10

What verbs take a direct object in the Genitive?

Answer 10

Verbs of sensation, emotion or volition, sharing, ruling, or separation.

Question 11

What’s the difference between a Genitive of Means and a Genitive of Agency?

Answer 11

Means: conveys the impersonal means by which an action is carried out (e.g. tempted “by evil”)
Agency: conveys the personal agent by which an action is carried out (e.g. blessed “by my Father”)

Question 12

What is a Partitive Genitive?

Answer 12

Denotes the whole of which the head noun is a part (e.g. one “of the boats”)

Question 13

What is a Genitive of Separation?

Answer 13

Indicates motion away from or distance, whether literally or figuratively (“from”) (e.g. some will depart “from the faith”)

Question 14

What are the major categories of the Dative Case?

Answer 14

1) Pure Dative
2) Locative Use
3) Instrumental Use

Question 15

What are the types of Pure Datives?

Answer 15

1) Indirect Object
2) Personal Interest–advantage/disadvantage
3) Reference or Respect
4) Possession

Question 16

What is a Dative of Personal Interest and what are the subcategories?

Answer 16

Denotes the person to whose benefit (“advantage”) or detriment (“disadvantage”) a verbal action occurs. (e.g. adorned “for her husband”; he held a grudge “against him”)

Question 17

What is a Dative of Reference or Respect?

Answer 17

Limits the extent to which something is presented as true, qualifying a statement that would otherwise not be true (e.g. he died “to sin” once for all)

Question 18

What is the difference between a Dative of Place and Dative of Sphere?

Answer 18

Place: in reference to the literal physical location
Sphere: in reference to the figurative or metaphorical location

Question 19

In general, what is the difference between a Genitive of Time, a Dative of Time, and an Accusative of Time/Measure?

Answer 19

Genitive: expresses the kind of time or time during which (e.g. …“early in the morning” they came to the tomb)
Dative: denotes the point in time (e.g. “On the first” day of the week… they came to the tomb)
Accusative: indicates the extent of time (e.g. And they rested “during the Sabbath”)

Question 20

What is the difference between a Dative of Possession and a Genitive of Possession?

Answer 20

Genitive: identifies ownership of the noun it modifies. (e.g. the house “of Philip”)
Dative: indicates possession of the subject of an equative verb (such as ειμι or γινομαι) (e.g. the promise is “for you”)

Question 21

What is the difference between a Dative of Place and a Genitive of Place?

Answer 21

Genitive: indicates the location where an action occurs (e.g. After the exile “to Babylon”)
Dative: pinpoints the literal physical location of a noun in the dative (e.g. they were sitting around him “in a circle”)

Question 22

What is the difference between a Dative of Means and a Genitive of Means?

Answer 22

They function the same…
Genitive: conveys the impersonal means by which an action is carried out (“by”) (e.g. God is not tempted “by evil”)
Dative: denotes the impersonal means by which the action of a given verb is accomplished (e.g. cutting himself “with stones”)

Question 23

What is the difference between a Dative of Manner and an Accusative of Manner?

Answer 23

Dative: denotes the manner in which the action of a verb is accomplished (e.g. he was speaking the word “openly” [“in open”])

Question 24

What is the difference between a Dative of Agency and a Genitive of Agency?

Answer 24

They function the same…
Genitive: (e.g. blessed “by my Father”)
Dative: (e.g. led “by the Spirit)

Question 25

What is a Dative of Association?

Answer 25

Denotes the person or thing with which a person is associated or by which a person is accompanied. (often accompanied by συν) (e.g. buried “with him” in baptism)

Question 26

What is a Dative of Cause?

Answer 26

Indicates the basis or reason of the action of a verb, whether external (occasion) or internal (motivation). (e.g. dying [because] of hunger)

Question 27

What verbs take a direct object in the Dative?

Answer 27

Verbs of trusting, obeying, serving, worshiping, thanksgiving, or following.

Question 28

What cases have a “Cognate” usage?

Answer 28

Dative and Accusative

Question 29

What are the major categories of the Accusative Case?

Answer 29

1) Substantival

2) Adverbial

Question 30

What is a Double Accusative?

Answer 30

When a verb requires more than one accusative object to complete the thought. (e.g. ask him “for bread”; gave himself, “a ransom” for all)

Question 31

What verbal form uses the Accusative Case for its Subject?

Answer 31

Infinitive

Question 32

What is an Accusative of Measure?

Answer 32

Functions in essence like an adverb in that it specifies measure (time or space). (e.g. going “a little farther”)

Question 33

What is the difference between a Dative of Respect and an Accusative of Respect?

Answer 33

They function the same…
Dative: (e.g. he died “to sin” once for all)
Accusative: (e.g. they were pierced “to the heart”)

Question 34

What is the sole use of the Vocative case?

Answer 34

Direct Address

Question 35

When is a Predicate Nominative used?

Answer 35

It is used with copulative verbs (state of being) to provide further information about the Subject.