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CFE Advanced Higher Chemistry > Notes - Temp > Flashcards

Notes - Temp Flashcards

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1
Q

In Kinetics, the formula to work out temperature for a reaction is:

A

T=∆H/∆S

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2
Q

Pauli’s exclusion principle:

A

Can’t have the same set of quantum numbers

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3
Q

Aufbau

A

Fill in order of increasing energy

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4
Q

Hund’s

A

Fill singly before pairing

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5
Q

Heisenburg

A

Cant define both position and velocity of electron at any time

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6
Q

Principle quantum number refers to

A

shell

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7
Q

Angular quantum number refers to

A

orbital

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8
Q

Magentic quantum number refers to

A

orientation

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9
Q

Spin quantum number refers to

A

spin

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10
Q

0 order units are

A

mol l-1 s-1

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11
Q

1st order units are

A

s-1

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12
Q

2nd order units are

A

mol-1 l s-1

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13
Q

3rd order units are

A

mol-2 l2 s-1

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14
Q

To work out k, the formula is

A

k = rate/ [A][B]

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15
Q

The slow step shows the reactant dependant on the reaction so if a reactant isnt there will it be in the rate equation?

A

no

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16
Q

Order of reaction can be worked out from the slow or fast step?

A

SLOW

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17
Q

Anthing burned is always: endo or exo

A

Exothermic

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18
Q

Why is combustion exothermic?

A

Change of state increases disorder

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19
Q

What is the only thing that can affect the equilibrium constant?

A

Temperature!!!

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20
Q

Does increasing the concentration of products or reactants in the equilibrium constant do anything?

A

NAW, only temperature

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21
Q

In evaporation reactions, ∆H is

A

positive

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22
Q

In evaporation reactions, ∆S is

A

Positive

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23
Q

If ∆G is negative then equilibrium lies to the

A

RHS

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24
Q

∆G is known as Gibb’s free energy or

A

standard free energy

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25
Q

For a reaction to be feasible ∆S must be?

A

Positive

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26
Q

For a reaction to be feasible ∆G must be?

A

Negative

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27
Q

If K>1, then ∆G is

A

negative

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28
Q

If K

A

positive

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29
Q

If K=1 then ∆G is

A

0

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30
Q

In a combustion reaction the values of ∆S and ∆H are

A

∆S is positive, ∆H is negative

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31
Q

In an evaporation reaction the values of ∆S and ∆H are

A

∆S is positive, ∆H is positive

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32
Q

In the formation of snowflakes reaction the values of ∆S and ∆H are

A

∆S is negative, ∆H is negative

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33
Q

In absorption spectroscopy as the concentration of an ion in solution increases there is an increase in?

A

intensity of radiation absorbed

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34
Q

What is the best analytical technqiue to determine quantitatively the concentration of sodium ions in a urine sample?

A

Atomic emission spectroscopy

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35
Q

Moles of x in a compound formula is:

A

precipitate of x / gfm of x

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36
Q

∆H must be negative to ensure ∆G is

A

negative

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37
Q

C=C C—C are electron rich so they must be

A

nucleophile

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38
Q

Aromatics undergo what type of substitution

A

Electrophillic

39
Q

Halides on benzene rings are more resistant to attack by

A

nucleophillic reagents

40
Q

SN1

A

1 species in slow step

41
Q

Reasons for avoiding SN1

A

Too much steric hindrance, unstable c, lack of positive inductive effect.

42
Q

If a compound doesnt react with dichromate, it cannot be

A

oxidised

43
Q

Conc, H2SO4 is used to create

A

C=C

44
Q

Hydrolising an amide produces a

A

carboxylic acid

45
Q

In a carboxylic acid, the propeties of the C=O and the -OH group are affected by each other? True of false

A

True

46
Q

What is an agonist?

A

An agonist binds to receptor and acts like natural molecule

47
Q

An antagonist does what?

A

Blocks natural molecules

48
Q

What reagent do we use to add a CH3 to a benzene?

A

AlCl3

49
Q

What reagent do we use to add a Cl to a benzene?

A

FeCl3

50
Q

What reagent do we use to add a SO3 to a benzene?

A

H2SO4

51
Q

What reagent do we use to add a NO2 to a benzene?

A

HNO3

52
Q

To turn a haloalkane to an alcohol what reagent do we use?

A

KOH/NaOH

53
Q

To turn a haloalkane to an ether what reagent do we use?

A

Potassium methoxide in methanol

54
Q

To turn a alkene to an alcohol what reagent do we use?

A

H2SO4

55
Q

To reduce an aldehyde and ketone what reagent to we use?

A

LiAlH4

56
Q

What three reagents can be used to turn an alcohol to an alkene?

A

Al2SO3, H2SO4, H3PO4

57
Q

IR spectroscopy is a destructive or non destructive tenchnique?

A

non-destructive

58
Q

Elemental Microanalysis is a destructive or non destructive tenchnique?

A

Destructive

59
Q

Mass Spec is a destructive or non destructive tenchnique?

A

Destructive

60
Q

Proton NMR is a destructive or non destructive tenchnique?

A

Destructive

61
Q

In IR Sepc, what is identified?

A

Functional groups

62
Q

In IR Spec, how is IR used?

A

When IR is absorbed bonds vibrate

63
Q

In elemntal micro, what is determined?

A

Empirical Formula

64
Q

In Mass spec, what is identified?

A

Molar mass and structural features

65
Q

In Mass spec what happens

A

sample vapourised, bombared with electrons, form positive ions and the ions follow a path according to their mass/charge ratio

66
Q

In proton NMR, there are two types which are?

A

Low Res and High Res

67
Q

An ammine is NH_?

A

NH3

68
Q

What decreases when an acid is diluted?

A

[H+]

69
Q

Ka measures what?

A

The dissociation constant of an acid

70
Q

A strong acid will have a greater or lower Ka than a weak acid?

A

Greater

71
Q

Which has a greater entropy? Secondary or Primary alcohols?

A

Secondary alcohols

72
Q

The formula for the dissociation constant is Ka=

A

Ka= [product]/[reactant]

73
Q

In a reaction of acids and bases, the molecule with X+ is the conjugate ____?

A

Acid

74
Q

In a reaction of acids and bases, the molecule with X- is the conjugate _____?

A

Base

75
Q

Salt explanation for strong base: What removes the H+ ions from the water equilibrium?

A

Conjugate base

76
Q

Salt explanation for strong base: Removal of the H+ ions causes the water equilibirum to shif to the

A

RHS

77
Q

Salt explanation for strong base: Equilibriu shifting to the RHS produces excess?

A

OH- ions

78
Q

What does accurately mean, in to weigh accurately?

A

Mass must be in region of ___ and the exact mass must be known.

79
Q

Alcohols are less volatile than their isomeric ethers because of?

A

hydrogen bonding

80
Q

A racemic mixture contains equal amounts of two optical isomers and is optically active or inactive?

A

Optically inactive

81
Q

What is not always trust at 298K?

A

[H+] = [OH-] = 10-7 mol l-1

82
Q

Formula for percentage mass calculations:

A

GFM of x/GFM of compund multiplied by sample size

83
Q

A carbon with four bonds, becomes tetrahedral so is it planar?

A

No

84
Q

Is benzene planar?

A

Yes

85
Q

For the hydrogen environments, look at how many hydrogens are joined on using the formula?

A

N+1

86
Q

Pure haloalkanes joining on to a molecule is

A

addition

87
Q

When pure haloalkanes join on to a molecule, they form bonds to?

A

Both carbons, making a triangle shape

88
Q

In quantum numbers: if l=0 what orbital is it?

A

S

89
Q

In quantum numbers: if l=1 what orbital is it?

A

P

90
Q

In quantum numbers: if l=2 what orbital is it?

A

D

91
Q

As the number of alternating single and double bonds increases the energy difference

A

between the HOMO and the LUMO decreases.

92
Q

Describe recrystallisation

A

Dissolve in solvent, heat to dissolve target compound and impurities then filter to remove solid impurities, leave to cool.

93
Q

What would be drawn for the hydrolysis of ethyl benzoate?

A

a condenser and round bottom flask correctly assembled with the condenser, ethyl benzoate and sodium hydroxide labelled.

CFE Advanced Higher Chemistry (10 decks)

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