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Chapter 22 > Notes Only > Flashcards

Notes Only Flashcards

0
Q

What were the strong moral convictions influenced by his world outlook/champion (progressive):

A
  1. All nations deserved self determination
  2. Promotion of free trade
  3. Furtherance of democracy
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1
Q

What did Wilson not posses

A

Foreign policy experience

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2
Q

Wilson could not avoid the growing of what?

A

Militarism, nationalism, and violence

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3
Q

Americas aggressive policy?

A

Marines landed in Haiti (1915) and in Dom Rep (1917)

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4
Q

Where did Wilson allow American business

A

LA

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5
Q

Policy in Mexico ?

A

Watchful waiting

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6
Q

What did general Huerta “The Jackal” do?

A

Seized power (coup w/ Wilsons blessing), but he assassinated Pres. Madero

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7
Q

What did Wilson do in 1914?

A

Wilson sent 800 marines to seize Veracruz to prevent an arms shipment

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8
Q

What was the result of Wilsons shipment?

A

Us welcomes new gov, rebellion erupts peasants

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9
Q

Who was the rebellion commander?

A

Fransisco “Pancho” villa (north) -[Robin Hood] 1923

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10
Q

What was seized in 1916?

A

A train carrying gold to Texas, killed 17, later made raid into New Mexico killing 18

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11
Q

What does Wilson do after the seizings of 1916?

A

Deploys 12,000 troops led by Gen. John J. “Blackjack” Pershing

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12
Q

What does Wilson recall in 1917?

A

Troops recalled nothing happened U.S. Claimed victory

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13
Q

Europe had centuries of relative peace prior to 1914 why?

A

Congress of Vienna (1814/1815)- Napoleon

  • take restore stability and order to Europe (peace)
  • ring around France
  • hereditary monarchy alliance
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14
Q

Which countries become states and when?

A

Germany( William i & ottoman van Bismarck) 1871 & Italy in 1861

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15
Q

Who was assassinated in Russia in 1881?

A

Alexander II

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16
Q

What does Alexander III do for Russia?

A

Creates secret police and makes Eastern Orthodox Church the official religion

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17
Q

What are the results of Alexander III

A

Mass exodus of Jewish people
KGB- Russian secret police
Pogram- when gangs attack a certain ethnic religion

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18
Q

Factors leading to war

A

Militarism
Nationalism
Imperialism

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19
Q

What were the systems of alliances?

A

Triple alliance and triple entente

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20
Q

Known as the powder keg of Europe

A

Balkans

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21
Q

What is NATO

A

North Atlantic treaty organization

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22
Q

Who was the German kaiser and what is a kaiser?

A

Means emperor and Wilhelm II and challenges British naval army

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23
Q

Who’s apart of the Triple Alliance ?

A

Germany, Austria- Hungary, and Italy

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24
Q

Who was apart of the triple entente?

A

Great Britain, France, and Russia

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25
Q

Why are the alliances created?

A

To a create a balance of power between the countries

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26
Q

We’re there any negative consequences to these alliances?

A

It makes it a larger conflict

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27
Q

Which Archduke was assassinated in 1914?

A

Francis Ferdinand in Sarajevo by Gavrilo Princip, Serbian nationalist

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28
Q

What is the spark of the war

A

Austria- Hungary declare war on Serbia on July 29, Germany, Russia, France and Britain join war later on and Germany invades Belgium

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29
Q

What is the U.S. Standpoint during the spark?

A

They remain neutral, no national interest, no principle

Advantage= trade freely with all nations

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30
Q

What were the allies

A

1914 UK, France, Russia, Serbia, Belgium
Japan
Italy
U.S. 1917

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31
Q

Central powers?

A

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire

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32
Q

What happened to the U.S. During the Britain blockade of Germany

A

Exports increased to GB by 400%

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33
Q

How did U-boats threaten www and cw

A

Needed to sink shipping and not capable of rescuing survivors

34
Q

Ocean liner ______ sunk off _______, ____ dead including ____ Americans

A

Lusitania, Irish coast, 1,198, 128

35
Q

What did Germany do after Lusitania ?

A

Apologized and claimed no more attacks without warning

36
Q

Did Lusitania start the U.S war?

A

No

37
Q

Who did Wilson defeat for reelection and what slogan did he use?

A

Supreme Court justice Charles Evans Hughes campaign slogan “He kept us out of war”

38
Q

Feb, 1916 Germany issued what?

A

The Sussex Pledge

39
Q

Feb 1917 Germany announced that it was resuming the policy of?

A

Unrestricted submarine warfare

40
Q

Allied power in trouble consisted of?

A 
Morale law (3 yrs of fighting)
Russia in turmoil (Nicholas II abdicated) by Bolsheviks, later they withdraw from WWI
41
Q

What does the allied power trouble allow Germany to do?

A

Redeploy eastern front troops to the western front

42
Q

What is Bolshevik/Russian Revolution?

A
  • Occurred in Russia
  • Industrialization created new wealth, little to improve life for the majority
  • Prelude- Bloody Sunday & 1905 Revolution
  • October Manifesto
43
Q

Russia Revolution

A
  1. Protests Marches- Nicholas called on his army to quell the demonstrations
    - Army refuses, Nicholas II abdicates
    - Vladimir Lenin- the leader of a group of soviets= Bolsheviks, another leader Leon Trotsky
44
Q

Bolshevik Revolution

A

Known as the October Revolution, overthrew the provisional govt. and established a communist govt

45
Q

________ ______ exposed by the press, ______ continue to sink merchant ships

A

Zimmerman Telegraph, U-boats

46
Q

Who asks congress for a declaration of war

A

President Wilson

47
Q

Who opposed the declaration of war?

A

Jeanette Rankin & Robert La Follette

48
Q

The Zimmerman Telegraph was between which two countries?

A

German Ambassador and Mexico

49
Q

What was the Record Group 59?

A

General Records of the Department of State 1756-1979 National Archives and Records Admin

50
Q

Reasons for U.S. Entry

A

Sussex Pledge Broken, broken after targeting of Sussex a merchant ship

1) passenger ships would not be targeted
2) Merchant ships would not be sunk until the presence of weapons was established possibly by searching the ship
3) Merchant ship would not be sunk without provision for safety of passengers

51
Q

What were the technological changes of Warfare?

A

Flamethrowers, airplane

52
Q

Amount of casualties from chemical warfare

A

1.3 million

53
Q

Gases used for chemical warfare

A

Chlorine gas- filled lungs with liquid

Mustard gas- brown, mustard smell, affected lungs and skin with blisters

54
Q

What were he factors of air combat?

A

More than 1/2 of all pilots killed were killed during training
Several weeks life expectancy (50 hrs flight time)

55
Q

Who is Baron Richthofen and what is he known for?

A

Painted his plane red decorated it with serial numbers of downed British planes
“When I have shot down” and “I am a hunter”
Had 80 kills
Killed before war ended

56
Q

The bloodiest battle and casualties

A

Battle of the Somme
600,000 french and British
500,00 German
Allowed allies to advance 6 miles

57
Q

Reasons for U.S. Entry to war

A

1) economic interest, ties and sympathies to allies
2) allied propaganda
3) Germany’s resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare
4) Russian revolution and the Czars abdication

58
Q

What act did congress pass in 1917?

A

Selective service act, activating the draft

59
Q

What was he result of the draft?

A

4 million were in uniform (2.8 draftees), 2million served

400,000 African Americans served (100,00 combat)

60
Q

The American Expeditionary Force

A

Commanded by General John J. “Blackjack” Pershing
American soldiers were called doughboys
Eddie Rickenbacker & infantry Sergeant Alvin York

61
Q

Who is Eddie Rickenbacker?

A 
Race car driver (mechanic)
Best american fight pilot 
26 kills
Medal of Honor
300 hrs
SPAD XIII
62
Q

Who is Alvin York

A 
Most decorated soldier of WWI
Medal of Honor
Company G, 328 regiment 
50 decorations
York statue Nashville, TN
63
Q

What events ended the war!

A

1918- Germans spring offensive ultimately failed- Germans forced to retreat back to Germany
1 M American troops participated in the Meuse-Argonne counteroffensive
Nov. 11- an armistice (cease fire) reached, in the U.S. It’s Veterans Day

64
Q

Casualties of WWI

A

Allies- 5,142,631
Central Power- 3,386,200
Total- 8,528,831

65
Q

Progressive view of war

A

Could change nation for the better
Gov would have great human and physical resource control
18th amendment prohibition- banned alcohol, and production
Gov emphasized voluntarism, not compulsion

66
Q

War costs ?

A

1) loans especially “liberty bonds” 22 B

2) federal income taxes once corporation and the wealthy 11 B

67
Q

The was caused use to?

A

Reevaluate gov and business relations response- increased level of cooperation with some regulations

68
Q

Agencies after war

A

1) war industries board
2) food admin (Herbert Hoover)
3) war labor board

69
Q

Women war suffrage

A

25,000 women served in France
1/2 nurses- rest drivers, food services, humanitarian
19th amendment woman suffrage

70
Q

Director of committee on public info

A

George Creel

71
Q

Used to give speeches on expansion of propaganda about nativism and anti German

A

Four minute men

72
Q

German socialist lynched and acquitted

A

Robert prager

73
Q

Acts that caused heavy fines & prison sentences for anti war actions approx 1500 arrested

A

Espionage act & sedition act

74
Q

Big four

A
  1. President Wilson usa
  2. Pm david Lloyd George UK
  3. President George Clemenceau
  4. Premier vittorrio Orlando
75
Q

Pres Wilson way peace

A

Idealism and basis

76
Q

Allies revenge

A

Vengeance against Germany, seizure of territory, limitations of 14 points

77
Q

Versailles peace treaty for Germany

A

Had to pay $33b
Stripped of all colonies
Surrender border areas
Completely disarmed

78
Q

League of Nations

A

Wilson

US senate not ratify the treaty of Versailles, is never become a member

79
Q

Treaty of Versailles

A

Ends war
Redrew map of Europe
Germany blamed pay indemnity of 33B
Treaty never ratified, US never joins league
US make separate peace with Germany no Hungary

80
Q

Aftermath of war in society

A 
Unemployment rates raises from 2% to 12%
4 million went on strike
Three major strikes
1. Seattle general strike
2. Boston Police 
3. Steel workers
81
Q

What is red scare

A

Public fears of communist infiltration led to panic led by Palmer and aided by anarchist Emma Goldman
Uss bufford delivered 250 extremists

82
Q

Opportunities for blacks and Mexicans

A

500,00 blacks move from south
100,000 migrate to Cali and southwest
500,000 Mexicans
Both faced discrimination and resentment

Chapter 22 (1 decks)

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