Notes for Quiz 1 Flashcards
What links CRJ 301 and CRJ 302 together?
sampling
How can CRJ 301 (Research Methods) be divided?
theory and measurement
How can CRJ 302 (Quantitative Applications) be divided?
Inferential Statistics and Descriptive Statistics
________ is a means to generate and initiate new ideas
research
research is a means to ________ and _______ new ______
generate
initiate
ideas
What are the 2 different styles of theories?
(1) American Style (Deductive Quantitative Research)
2) European Style (Inductive Qualitative Research
Is this American or European Style:
Deductive Quantitative Research
American Style
Is this American or European Style:
Inductive Qualitative Research
European Style
Which type of theory style is dominant?
American Style (Deductive Quantitative Research)
Is this American or European Style:
came during the 1950’s
American Style (Deductive Quantitative Research)
Is this American or European Style:
came after enlightenment
European Style (Inductive Qualitative Research)
What is the process of deductive quantitative research?
1) propose a theory
2) hypothesis
3) testing w/data analysis
4) make a decision
Is this American or European Style:
humans are rational
European Style (Inductive Qualitative Research)
Is this American or European Style:
observation
European Style (Inductive Qualitative Research)
Is this American or European Style:
description of truth/facts
European Style (Inductive Qualitative Research)
Is this American or European Style:
can generalize
European Style (Inductive Qualitative Research)
What are the characteristics of Deductive quantitative study?
1) relationship
2) prediction
3) falsification
__________ means that:
theory ≠ truth or fact
Falsification
Falsification means that:
______ ≠ truth or fact
theory
Falsification means that:
theory ≠ _____ or _____
truth
fact
Instead of truth or fact, when it comes to a theory, we use the word ____________
probability
What are the characteristics of a causal relationship?
1) mechanism
2) temporal order
3) co-variation
4) non-spuriousness
What is mechanism?
reasonable explanation of causality
What is an example of mechanism?
literature review
What is temporal order?
A must proceed B
Which characteristics of causal relationships are fairly easy to satisfy?
1) mechanism
2) temporal order
3) co-variation
What does non-spuriousness mean?
not caused by any 3rd factor
How to get rid of 3rd factors.
1) research design
2) statistics
What is the process of inductive qualitative study?
1) observation
2) explanation
3) generalization
4) theory
What are some problems with inductive qualitative studies?
1) inaccurate observation
2) selective observation
3) illogical reasoning
4) overgeneralization
A 3rd factor is also known as ____________ or ____-______________ factors
confounding
non-spuriousness
What is internal validity?
indicates how much we satisfy the 4 characteristics of a causal relationship
high _______ _______= high quantity of research
internal validity
high internal validity= high ________ of ________
quantity
research
________ _______, uses an experiment to cancel out/ control for other factors
research design
_______ __________, a tool for sampling
random assignment
_________ __________ is rare in criminal justice
randomized experiment
What is the difference between quasi-experimental design and research design?
the quasi-experimental design doesn’t use random experiment
What are the 3 types of quasi-experimental designs?
1) time series
2) non-equivalent pre-test/post-test design
3) No Pre-test (or no control group)
Which type of quasi-experimental design is this:
observing continuously and spotting differences
time series
What is the best quasi-experiment design?
time series
Which type of quasi-experimental design is this:
using research design without random/assignment
non-equivalent pre-test/post-test design
Which type of quasi-experimental design is this:
ex. “yes or no” question without testing
No Pre-test (or no control group)
What is the worst quasi-experimental design?
No Pre-test (or no control group)
What is the most frequently used design due to how cheap it is?
non-experimental design
Which type of experimental design group is this:
only having one group (no other group)
non-experimental design
Which type of experimental design group is this:
you can use statistics to control for the other factors
non-experimental design
