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Criminal Justice 302 Quantitative Applications in Criminal Justice > Notes for Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Notes for Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What links CRJ 301 and CRJ 302 together?

A

sampling

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2
Q

How can CRJ 301 (Research Methods) be divided?

A

theory and measurement

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3
Q

How can CRJ 302 (Quantitative Applications) be divided?

A

Inferential Statistics and Descriptive Statistics

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4
Q

________ is a means to generate and initiate new ideas

A

research

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5
Q

research is a means to ________ and _______ new ______

A

generate
initiate
ideas

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6
Q

What are the 2 different styles of theories?

A

(1) American Style (Deductive Quantitative Research)

2) European Style (Inductive Qualitative Research

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7
Q

Is this American or European Style:

Deductive Quantitative Research

A

American Style

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8
Q

Is this American or European Style:

Inductive Qualitative Research

A

European Style

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9
Q

Which type of theory style is dominant?

A

American Style (Deductive Quantitative Research)

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10
Q

Is this American or European Style:

came during the 1950’s

A

American Style (Deductive Quantitative Research)

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11
Q

Is this American or European Style:

came after enlightenment

A

European Style (Inductive Qualitative Research)

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12
Q

What is the process of deductive quantitative research?

A

1) propose a theory
2) hypothesis
3) testing w/data analysis
4) make a decision

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13
Q

Is this American or European Style:

humans are rational

A

European Style (Inductive Qualitative Research)

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14
Q

Is this American or European Style:

observation

A

European Style (Inductive Qualitative Research)

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15
Q

Is this American or European Style:

description of truth/facts

A

European Style (Inductive Qualitative Research)

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16
Q

Is this American or European Style:

can generalize

A

European Style (Inductive Qualitative Research)

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17
Q

What are the characteristics of Deductive quantitative study?

A

1) relationship
2) prediction
3) falsification

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18
Q

__________ means that:

theory ≠ truth or fact

A

Falsification

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19
Q

Falsification means that:

______ ≠ truth or fact

A

theory

20
Q

Falsification means that:

theory ≠ _____ or _____

A

truth

fact

21
Q

Instead of truth or fact, when it comes to a theory, we use the word ____________

A

probability

22
Q

What are the characteristics of a causal relationship?

A

1) mechanism
2) temporal order
3) co-variation
4) non-spuriousness

23
Q

What is mechanism?

A

reasonable explanation of causality

24
Q

What is an example of mechanism?

A

literature review

25
Q

What is temporal order?

A

A must proceed B

26
Q

Which characteristics of causal relationships are fairly easy to satisfy?

A

1) mechanism
2) temporal order
3) co-variation

27
Q

What does non-spuriousness mean?

A

not caused by any 3rd factor

28
Q

How to get rid of 3rd factors.

A

1) research design

2) statistics

29
Q

What is the process of inductive qualitative study?

A

1) observation
2) explanation
3) generalization
4) theory

30
Q

What are some problems with inductive qualitative studies?

A

1) inaccurate observation
2) selective observation
3) illogical reasoning
4) overgeneralization

31
Q

A 3rd factor is also known as ____________ or ____-______________ factors

A

confounding

non-spuriousness

32
Q

What is internal validity?

A

indicates how much we satisfy the 4 characteristics of a causal relationship

33
Q

high _______ _______= high quantity of research

A

internal validity

34
Q

high internal validity= high ________ of ________

A

quantity

research

35
Q

________ _______, uses an experiment to cancel out/ control for other factors

A

research design

36
Q

_______ __________, a tool for sampling

A

random assignment

37
Q

_________ __________ is rare in criminal justice

A

randomized experiment

38
Q

What is the difference between quasi-experimental design and research design?

A

the quasi-experimental design doesn’t use random experiment

39
Q

What are the 3 types of quasi-experimental designs?

A

1) time series
2) non-equivalent pre-test/post-test design
3) No Pre-test (or no control group)

40
Q

Which type of quasi-experimental design is this:

observing continuously and spotting differences

A

time series

41
Q

What is the best quasi-experiment design?

A

time series

42
Q

Which type of quasi-experimental design is this:

using research design without random/assignment

A

non-equivalent pre-test/post-test design

43
Q

Which type of quasi-experimental design is this:

ex. “yes or no” question without testing

A

No Pre-test (or no control group)

44
Q

What is the worst quasi-experimental design?

A

No Pre-test (or no control group)

45
Q

What is the most frequently used design due to how cheap it is?

A

non-experimental design

46
Q

Which type of experimental design group is this:

only having one group (no other group)

A

non-experimental design

47
Q

Which type of experimental design group is this:

you can use statistics to control for the other factors

A

non-experimental design

Criminal Justice 302 Quantitative Applications in Criminal Justice (5 decks)

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