Notes for natural selection

Question 1

What is dna

Answer 1

An organisms genetic matieral

Question 2

What are genes

Answer 2

Genes are what make you, yourself

Question 3

Describe a chromosone

Answer 3

Chromosomes are threadlike structures made of protein and a single molecule of DNA that serve to carry the genomic information from cell to cell.

Question 4

what is the shape of dna

Answer 4

a shape known as a double helix.

Question 5

what causes dna to have its uniform shape

Answer 5

The diameter of the DNA double helix is uniform throughout because a purine (two rings) always pairs with a pyrimidine (one ring) and their combined lengths are always equal.

Question 6

what are the three parts that make up nucleotide

Answer 6

Each nucleotide, in turn, is made up of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate

Question 7

what are the four nitrogen bases

Answer 7

Four different types of nitrogenous bases are found in DNA: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

Question 8

how do the nitregon base pair together

Answer 8

The ‘pairing’ occurs because the complementary bases form hydrogen bonds with each other.

Question 9

what is replication

Answer 9

the action or process of reproducing or duplicating. replication of DNA. 2. : performance of an experiment or procedure more than once.

Question 10

describe the three types of rna

Answer 10

Messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules carry the coding sequences for protein synthesis and are called transcripts; ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules form the core of a cell’s ribosomes (the structures in which protein synthesis takes place); and transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules carry amino acids to the ribosomes during protein

Question 11

what are three differences between RNA and DNA

Answer 11

RNA is single-stranded while DNA is double-stranded. RNA contains uracil while DNA contains thymine. RNA has the sugar ribose while DNA has the sugar deoxyribose.

Question 12

what is transcription

Answer 12

Transcription, as related to genomics, is the process of making an RNA copy of a gene’s DNA sequence

Question 13

what is a mutation

Answer 13

Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell. Mutations may be caused by mistakes during cell division, or they may be caused by exposure to DNA-damaging agents in the environment. Mutations can be harmful, beneficial, or have no effect.

Question 14

what is translation

Answer 14

The process of translation can be seen as the decoding of instructions for making proteins, involving mRNA in transcription as well as tRNA. The genes in DNA encode protein molecules, which are the “workhorses” of the cell, carrying out all the functions necessary for life.

Question 15

what is required for a mutation to be passed on

Answer 15

Mutations can result from errors in DNA replication during cell division, exposure to mutagens or a viral infection.

Question 16

differences between genotype and phenotype

Answer 16

A person’s genotype is their unique sequence of DNA.

Question 17

what are three kinds of mutation

Answer 17

base substitutions, deletions and insertions.

Question 18

what is a variation

Answer 18

A variation is a change or slight difference in a level, amount, or quantity.

Question 19

what is natural selection

Answer 19

Natural selection is a mechanism of evolution

Question 20

what are adaptations

Answer 20

The ability of living organisms to adjust themselves to their surroundings is called adaptation.

Question 21

what is camoflage

Answer 21

the hiding or disguising of something by covering it up or changing the way it looks

Question 22

describe the three types of adaptation

Answer 22

The three types of adaptation include structural, physiological, and behavioral.

Question 23

what is mimicry

Answer 23

the action or art of imitating someone or something, typically in order to entertain or ridicule.

Question 24

what is selective breeding

Answer 24

the practice of mating individuals with desired traits as a means of increasing the frequency of those traits in a population.

Question 25

what is genetic engeinering

Answer 25

Genetic engineering (also called genetic modification) is a process that uses laboratory-based technologies to alter the DNA makeup of an organism

Question 26

what is gmo

Answer 26

a plant, animal or microbe in which one or more changes have been made to the genome, typically using high-tech genetic engineering, in an attempt to alter the characteristics of an organism.

Question 27

what are the advantages of gmo

Answer 27

More nutritious food.
Tastier food.
Disease- and drought-resistant plants that require fewer environmental resources (such as water and fertilizer)
Less use of pesticides.
Increased supply of food with reduced cost and longer shelf life.
Faster growing plants and animals.

Question 28

what are some concerns of gmo

Answer 28

Potential health risks to humans include the possibility of exposure to new allergens in genetically modified foods, as well as the transfer of antibiotic-resistant genes to gut flora.