NOTES CHEMISTRY

Question 0

are not laws of nature and cannot be absolutely proven,represent the best explanation at the present time.

Answer 0

theory

Question 1

can be used to make more predictions and suggest more experiment until a consistent explanation or theory is arrived.

Answer 1

Hypothesis

Question 2

cannot be changed or broken down into anything simpler.

Answer 2

element

Question 3

cuprum

Answer 3

copper

Question 4

ferrum

Answer 4

Iron (Fe)

Question 5

hydragyrum

Answer 5

Mercury(Hg)

Question 6

Kalium

Answer 6

Potassium(K)

Question 7

Angentum

Answer 7

Silver(Ag)

Question 8

wolfram

Answer 8

Tungsten(w)

Question 9

In talking about degree of uncertainty in a measurement, the words used are:

Answer 9

Accuracy and Precision

Question 10

how close to a true value a given measurement is

Answer 10

accuracy

Question 11

how well a number of independent measurement agree with one another

Answer 11

precision

Question 12

Characteristics of Alkali metals:

Answer 12

• Group 1A
• H(1), Li (3), Na (19),K(20),Rb((37),Cs(55)Fr(87)
• soft silvery metals
• All react rapidly, often violently with water to form more alkaline or basic.
• never found in nature in the pure state
• only found in combination with other elements.

Question 13

Name 11 non-metal gases

Answer 13

H He N O F Ne Cl Ar Kr Xe Rn

1) H 2)He 3)N 4)O 5)F 6)Ne
7) Cl 8)Ar 9)Kr 10)Xe 11)Rn

Question 14

Non-metal element in liquid form

Answer 14

Br (Bromine)

Question 15

Non-metal elements, solid in room temperature(5)

Answer 15

1)C 2)P, 3)S, 4)Se 5)I

Question 16

Alkali metals (6 elements)

Answer 16

1)Li, 2)Na 3)K 4)Rb 5)Cs 6)Fr

Question 17

halogen, corrosive, dark red liquid at room temperature

Answer 17

Br (Bromine)

Question 18

Name alkaline earth metals (6)

Answer 18

1)Be, 2)Mg, 3)Ca 4)Sr 5)Ba 6)Ra

Question 19

one of the noble gases used in neon lights and signs

Answer 19

neon

Question 20

Common metals all conduct electricity and can be drawn into wires

Answer 20

Pb, Al, Cu, Au,Fe, Ag

Question 21

Elements that are relatively abundant on earth:

Answer 21

1) O 46% 5) Mg 4.1%
2) Si 28% 6) Na 2.4%
3) Ar 8.2% 7) Be 2.2%
4) Fe 5.6% 8) K 2.1%

Question 22

Elements relatively abundance in the human body

Answer 22

1) O 2) C, 3) N, and 4)H

Question 23

used in batteries

Answer 23

Cadmium

Question 24

used in Alloys with other metal

Answer 24

Antimony

Question 25

Ten elements known since the beginning of the history

Answer 25

1) Antimony (Sb) 6)Lead (Pb) 2) Carbon (C) 7)Mercury (Hg) 3) Copper (Cu) 8)Silver (Ag) 4) Gold (Au) 9)Sulfur (S) 5) Iron (Fe) 10) Tin (Sn)

Question 26

used in smoke detectors

Answer 26

Americium

Question 27

Shiny low melting metal

Answer 27

Gallium

Question 28

How many elements were known when America was founded in 1776?

Answer 28

24 elements

Question 29

hard gray semimetal

Answer 29

Germanium

Question 30

Any characteristic that can be used to describe or identify matter is

Answer 30

Property

Question 31

Properties of an element can be classified as (4)

Answer 31

1) intensive 2) extensive 3) Physical 4) Chemical

Question 32

such characteristics or properties whose values do not depend on the size of the sample

Answer 32

Intensive Properties

Question 33

Compounds A and B are colorless gases obtained by combining sulfur with Oxygen. Compound A results from combining 6.00 g of S with 5.99 of O, and compound B results from 8.60 g of sulfur with 12.88 g of oxygen. Show that the mass ratios in the two compounds are simple multiples of each other.

Answer 33

3/2 Given: Compound A Compound B 6.00 g of S 8.60 g of S –––––––––– = 1.001 –––––––––– = .668 5.99 g of O 12.88 of O 1.001 ––––– = 1.5 3/2 .668

Question 34

Group 1A:

Answer 34

Group 1A: Alkali metals Soft, shiny metals that react rapidly with water to form basic (alkali) solutions.

Question 35

Characteristic or properties whose values do depend on sample size

Answer 35

Extensive Properties

Question 36

Group 2A

Answer 36

: Alkaline earth metals | Also lustrous metals, but less active than the Group 1A metals.

Question 37

Group 7A

Answer 37

: Halogens | Colorful nonmetals that occur in gas, liquid, and solid phases.

Question 38

Group 8A:

Answer 38

Noble gases | Very low-reactivity gases.

Question 39

Metals have the following characteristics:

Answer 39

luster, or shiny Metals have the following characteristicsappearance malleable (can be pounded into thin sheets without breaking) ductile (can be pulled into the shape of thin wires) good conductors of heat and electricity

Question 40

Main group element

Answer 40

an element in the two groups on the left and the six groups on the right of the periodic table (Groups 1-8 A).

Question 41

Inner transition metal element:

Answer 41

an element in the 14 groups shown separately at the bottom of the periodic table

Question 42

Transition metal element

Answer 42

an element in the 10 groups in the middle of the periodic table

Question 43

Scientific notation:

Answer 43

a system in which a large or small number is written as a number between 1 and 10 times a power of 10

Question 44

Mass

Answer 44

: the amount of matter in an object

Question 45

Matter

Answer 45

: a catchall term used to describe anything you can touch, taste, or smell

Question 46

weight

Answer 46

is a measure of the pull of gravity on an object.

Question 47

1 gram = kg = kg

Answer 47

0.001 kg = 1.0 10‾³ kg

Question 48

1 milligram (1 mg) = ?g

Answer 48

1 milligram (1 mg) = 1.0 10‾³ g

Question 49

1 microgram (1µg) =?g

Answer 49

1 microgram (1µg) = 1.0 x 10‾⁶ g

Question 50

Volume

Answer 50

,the amount of space occupied by an object, is measured in SI units by the cubic meter, abbreviated

Question 51

1 m³ = ? dm³

Answer 51

1000 dm³

Question 52

1000 dm³ = cm³

Answer 52

1,000,000 cm³

Question 53

1,000,000 cm³ = gal

Answer 53

264.2 gal