Notes Ch: 31 - Assessment Pt. 5 Flashcards
Abdomen and Musculoskeletal
When assessing the abodomen, what is the order of auscultation?
- Auscultation follows the large intestine
- Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
- Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
- Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
- Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
What are the general abdominal items assessed during inspection?
- Umbilicus
- Contour and symmetry
- Enlarged organs or masses
- Movements or pulsation
What are we listening for when auscultating the abdomen?
- Bowel motility
- Vascular sounds
When listening to the bowels, what 2 things are we listening for? Describe each.
- Peristalsis = no sounds = digestion not happening; indicative of blockage, etc
- Borborygymi = normal sounds of digestive actvitities; indicates healthy system
When ascultating the absomen for vascular sounds, what are we assessing for?
Bruits; swish sounds
What is the order of assessment for the abdomen?
- Inspect
- Auscultate
- Palpate
- Percussion (MD/NP only)
How is palpation performed on the abdomen?
light then deep
What is being assessed in the palpation of the abdomen?
- tenderness
- distention
- masses
Flank pain is indicative of
kidney issues
How is costal vetebral angle assessed?
Placing hand over kidney and percussing. Pain indicates positive costal vetebral angle.
Puking is a sign of…
alkalosis
Diarreah is a sign of…
acidosis
When inspecting the musculoskeletal system, what general items are being assessed?
- Gait (for safety/fall risk)
- Postural abnormalities
- Age-related changes
Define Lordosis
- Manifests in an over arching of the back in a posterior direction
- Also known as swayback - results in shoulders further back than hips
- Also known as lumbar lordosis - when the lumbar have a pronounced arch making it look like the butt is pushed backward
Define kyphosis
- Forward slouching of the shoulders and forward arching of the upper back
- Also known as hunchback
Define scoliosis
- Scoliosis is a sideways curvature or twist of the spine
When assessing the musculoskeletal system, we are palpating…
- joints,
- bones,
- muscles
Lifting the hand upward to a 90° angle is an example of
hyperextension
Holding your hands in front of you and paralel to the ground or bending your hands down to the ground in the same position are examples of…
flexion
Abduction is movement _____ the medial plane.
away from
Adduction is movment _____ the medial plane.
towards
Pushing the shoulders toward the ground is an example of
depression
Circular motions are known as…
circumduction
Hands held forward, paralel to the ground with palms up is known as…
supination
Hands held forward, paralel to the ground with palms down is known as…
pronation
In anatomical position, moving the hands (only) away from the body is known as…
radial flexion
In anatomical position, moving the hands (only) toward from the body is known as…
ulnar flexion
Spreading the fingers apart is an example of _____.
abduction
Lifting the foot (only) toward the head is known as…
dorsiflexion
Pointing the toes of the foot away from your head (like standing on your toes) is an example of…
plantar flexion
Bending the soles of the feet toward each other is an example of…
inversion
Moving the soles of the feet away from each other is an example of…
eversion
Define Muscular Hypertonicity
Muscular hypertonicity (i.e., increased passive stiffness or tightness) is defined as an unexpected degree of physical resistance to manual movement of a joint(s) on slow, gentle stretching, e.g., rotation of the neck or abduction of a shoulder
Define Muacular Hypotonicity
- State of low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to stretch in a muscle), often involving reduced musclestrength.
- Lo/no resistance to passive ROM exercises
Define Muscle Atrophy
- Muscle atrophy is when muscles waste away.
- Caused by a lack of physical activity.
- When a disease or injury makes it difficult or impossible for you to move an arm or leg, the lack of mobility can result in muscle wasting
Extension at the wrist should be __ degrees, whereas flexion at the wrist should be __ degrees.
Extension: 70°
Flexion: 90°
Hyperextension of fingers should be __ degrees, where as flexion should be at __ degrees.
Hyperextension: 30°
Flexion: 90°
Radial flexsion should be at __ degrees, whereas ulnar flexion should be at __ degrees.
Radial flexion: 20°
Ulnar flexion: 55°
