Notes Flashcards
Physiology
Study of how the body works
The levels of structural complexity (7)
Atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ system and organism
The external covering of the body; protects deeper tissues from injury (skin, hair, and nails)
Integumentary system
Supports the body and provides framework (bones, cartridges, ligaments, and joints)
Skeletal system
Contracts and shortens( muscles)
Muscular system
The control system, responds to the actions happening outside of the body (the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors)
Nervous system
Controls the body functions (hormones)
Endocrine system
Carries oxygen and nutrients throughout the body (heart and blood vessels)
Circulatory system
To keep the body supplied with oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide (nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs)
Respiratory system
Tube running through the body (mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, and rectum)
Digestive system
Removes the nitrogen containing wastes from the blood (kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra)
Excretory (urinary)
Produce offspring (scrotum, penis, accessory glands, duct system)
Reproductive system
Compliments cardiovascular system, cleanse body (lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, and tonsils)
Immune system
Necessary life functions (7)
Movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, growth
The five survival needs
Nutrients, proper oxygen, intake of water, proper body temperatures, atmospheric pressure
The six nutrients (wcf, mvp)
Water, carbohydrates, fat, minerals, vitamins, proteins
Homeostasis
The body’s ability to maintain stable internal conditions even though the outside world is changing
The 3 components of homeostasis control mechanisms
Receptor, control center, effector
Negative feedback mechanisms regulate what? (7)
Heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, blood levels of glucose, oxygen, co2, and minerals
Positive feedback mechanisms (2)
Blood clotting, and the birth of a baby
Homeostasis imbalance
The changes that we associate with aging
Cut along the lengthwise of the body dividing the body into left and right parts
Sagittal
Anatomy
The study of the structure and shape of the body
Divides he body into interior and posterior
Frontal
Divides the body into superior and inferior parts
Transverse
Toward head
Superior
Towards feet
Inferior
Front side of the body
Anterior
Backside of the body
Posterior
Midline of the body
Midline of the body
Away from the middle line
Lateral
Between medial and lateral
Intermediate
Point of attachment of limb to body
Proximal
Farther from origin
Distal
Body surface
Superficial
Away from the body surface
Deep
Dorsal cavity
Cranial- space inside bony skull
Spinal- spinal cord
Ventral cavity
Thoracic- chest cavity above diaphragm
Abdominal- stomach and pelvic cavity
