Notes 4

Question 1

Mutations

Answer 1

A change in the DNA of a cell

Question 2

Types of Mutations

Answer 2

1. Gene Mutations
2. Chromosome Mutations

Question 3

Gene Mutations

Answer 3

A change in the DNA by altering one or more DNA nucleotides

Question 4

Substitution

Answer 4

A DNA nucleotide is replaced by another nucleotide

Question 5

Framshift

Answer 5

The addition or Deletion of a DNA nucleotide causes the DNA to be read out of a sequence

Question 6

Chromosome Mutations

Answer 6

A change in the chromosome structure or number

Question 7

Deletion

Answer 7

A piece of a chromosome breaks off and the information is lossed

Question 8

Translocation

Answer 8

A piece of one chromosome breaks off and reattaches to a different chromosome

Question 9

Nondisjunction

Answer 9

When homologous chromosomes do not separate during anaphase causing the cell to have extra or missing chromosomes (causes down syndrome)

Question 10

Mutagens

Answer 10

Environmental factors that cause mutations
(i.e. cigarette smoke, asbestos, chemicals, radiation)

Question 11

Effects of Mutations

Answer 11

May be harmful, helpful, or have no effect(neutral)

Question 12

Detecting Genetic Disorders

Answer 12

1. Genetic Counseling
   2.Ultrasound
   3.Amniocentesis
2. Karyotyping

Question 13

Genetic Counseling

Answer 13

Uses pedigrees to predict possible genetic problems

Question 14

Ultrasound

Answer 14

Sound waves produce an image of the fetus showing physical problems

Question 15

Amniocentesis

Answer 15

A sample of amniotic fluid is used to check the baby’s DNA for genetic disorders

Question 16

Karyotyping

Answer 16

A picture of the baby’s chromosomes are taken & the chromosomes are put into homologous pairs to determine if there is a chromosome error