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The Properties Of Fluids > Notes > Flashcards

Notes Flashcards

0
Q

What state(s) of matter is/are considered fluids

A

Liquids and gases

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1
Q

Fluids are substances that……

A

Flow

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2
Q

Why do fluids flow?

A

Because some force is exerted on them.

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3
Q

What does fluid flow involve?

A

The movement of a fluid and the movement of an object through a fluid.

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4
Q

What is flow rate?

A

How quickly a fluid flows in a given amount of time

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5
Q

Systems that involve movement are….

A

Dynamic

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6
Q

Air or gas moving around solid objects is referred to as what?

A

Aerodynamics

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7
Q

The movement of liquids around a solid object is known as what?

A

Hydrodynamics

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8
Q

Liquids take the shape of…..

A

Whatever container they are in.

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9
Q

Liquids have a level what?

A

surface

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10
Q

Gases expand to do what?

A

Fill whatever container they are in

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11
Q

The Kinetic Molecular Theory states that:

A
  1. All matter is composed of molecules or other types of particles.
  2. Particles are in constant motion
  3. There are forces of attraction among particles.
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12
Q

The change from on state to another is caused by a change in what?

A

energy

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13
Q

As heat energy is added the particles motion increases and the forces of attraction________

A

Grow weaker

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14
Q

Do liquids have definite volume?

A

Yes

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15
Q

Do liquids have definite shape?

A

No

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16
Q

True or False- Solids have definite volume and definite shape

A

True

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17
Q

Do gases have definite shape?

A

No

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18
Q

Do gases have definite volume?

A

No

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19
Q

In the event of sublimation, the particles at the surface of a block of ice would do what?

A

Escape directly into the air and become water vapour

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20
Q

The forces of attraction are _____ when they are moving slowly and are closer together.

A

stronger

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21
Q

Can the particles in solids flow past each other?

A

No

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22
Q

Can laminar and turbulent flow apply to gases?

A

Yes

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23
Q

Shapes that produce laminar flow have less air or water______

A

Resistance

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24
Q

Shapes that create a laminar flow are________

A

streamlined or aerodynamic

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25
Q

A fluid moving relative to an object experiences what?

A

Resistance

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26
Q

What are wind tunnels used for?

A

Engineers use the to test airflow around aircraft wings.

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27
Q

What causes viscosity?

A

The forces of attraction among particles (cohesion)

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28
Q

When fluids are stationary is viscosity an issue?

A

No

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29
Q

the increased attraction among particles at the surface of a liwuid is known as what?

A

Surface tension

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30
Q

What are some different methods for measuring viscosity

A
  • Timing how quickly a solid falls through a liquid
  • Timing how long it takes a liquid to fill a small pot
  • Use a viscometer
31
Q

Does mass stay constant everywhere in the universe?

A

Yes

32
Q

Does weight stay constant everywhere in the universe?

A

No

33
Q

What units are used to measure grams?

A

Grams or units derived from grams such as milligrams or killigrams

34
Q

What is weight measured in?

A

Newtons

35
Q

How much greater is the mass on earth than the mass on the moon?

A

Approximately six times bigger.

36
Q

what is volume measured in?

A

cubic meters, cubic centimeters, litres, or millilitres.

37
Q

What is capacity

A

The measurement of the amount of space available inside something

38
Q

There is a slight ______ at the edges where the liquid touches the container.

A

Curve or meniscus

39
Q

To find the volume read the measurement at

A

the bottom of the meniscus or the center of the surface

40
Q

What are the volumes of liquids measured in?

A

Liters or MIllilitres

41
Q

Where does the most accurate measurement of the volume of a liquid come from?

A

Tall narrow cylinders or containers

42
Q

What is the formula for the volume of regular solids?

A

Length x width x height

43
Q

Solids are usually measure in cubic cm and cubic meters but are sometimes measured in…..

A

Liters or milliliters

44
Q

1cm cubed = ____ ml

A

1

45
Q

The volume of small irregular solids must be measured by…….

A

Displacement

46
Q

To measure the volume of large irregular solids you need…

A

an overflow can and a graduated cylinder

47
Q

Density is the mass of a substance per…..

A

Unit volume of the substance

48
Q

What is the formula for density?

A

Mass divided by volume

49
Q

Why does helium gas float on top of air?

A

Because helium is less dense

50
Q

Solids have greater densities than liquids and liquids have ______ densities than gases

A

greater

51
Q

What are the two exceptions?

A
  1. Mercury is a liquid at room temperature but is more dense than many solids and over 13 times as dense as water
  2. Water is denser at 4 degrees celsius than it is at 0 degrees celsius
52
Q

what percentage of an iceberg will be submerged in seawater?

A

89%

53
Q

How do you find how much of a piece of ice is submerged?

A

Density of ice divided by density of the water (seawater, distilled, etc.) x 100
(Then put on a percentage sign)

54
Q

When an object is place in a fluid, the fluid is…

A

displaced

55
Q

But the fluid also does what to the object

A

Pushes back in all directions

56
Q

In addition to buoyancy, what force is exerted on the object?

A

Gravity

57
Q

What does the Archimedes principle state?

A

The buoyant force on an object immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid that the object displaces.

58
Q

If the object weighs more than it displaces, then it will _____

A

Sink

59
Q

Why can huge steel ships float on water?

A

Becuase they are hollow and the hull contains a large volume of air

60
Q

If the upward buoyant force on an immersed object is greater that the downward force of gravity, the object will what?

A

Rise

61
Q

The object will rise or sink depending on whether it weighs less or more than the fluid it ____

A

Displaces

62
Q

Since the object and the displaced fluid have the same volume, the object will rise or sink depending on whether it is less or more ______ than the displaced fluid

A

dense

63
Q

If an object sinks it has ______ buoyancy

A

negative

64
Q

If an object has negative buoyancy, how are the forces unbalanced?

A

The force of gravity is greater than the force of buoyancy

65
Q

If the object has neutral buoyancy and the forces are balanced, what happens to it?

A

It stays in the same place.

66
Q

Because your body mass is much greater than an equal volume of air, what must a hot air balloon do?

A

Displace a much greater volume of less dense fluid (hot air)

67
Q

What are the load lines on a ship called?

A

Plimsoll lines

68
Q

What happens to viscosity when a substance is heated?

A

It decreases

69
Q

What happens to density when the heat increases?

A

It decreases

70
Q

What happens to volume when the heat increases?

A

It increases

71
Q

What happens to buoyancy as heat increases?

A

It decreases

72
Q

Is the density of water greater at 4 degrees celsius or 0 degrees celsius?

A

4 degrees celsius

73
Q

Why is water less dense at 0 degrees than at 4 degrees?

A

So the colder water floats on top, and the aquatic life can survive

74
Q

As the density of an object decreases with a rise in temperature, so does the buoyant force that the fluid exerts on an immersed object. Why?

A

The buoyant force decreases because the displaced fluid weighs less at a higher temperature. The viscosity also decreases as the the attraction between its molecules weakens.

The Properties Of Fluids (2 decks)

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