Notes Flashcards
What are the technical standards for legal and industry compliance
ISO 42010 (Systems and software engineering - Architecture description)
ISO 924-11 (Ergonomics of human-system interaction)
ISO 27000 series (information security management system)
ISO 14000 series (Environmental managemt)
what are the architecture frameworks used to promote consistency across the enterprise
DoDAF (Department of Defence Architecture Framework)
Zachman (The Zachman Framework)
TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Framework)
what are the professional standards used to promote organisational principles and drive competency
BCS Code of Conduct
DDaT (Digital, Data and Technology Professional Capability Framework)
SFIA+ (Skills Framework for the Information Age Plus)
what is the existing state in a gap analysis called
as is
what is the desired state in a gap analysis called
to be
what is the purpose of cross reference grids in applications architecutre
visualise dependencies and relationships between applications
what are the levels of architecture
enterprise > domain > solution
enterprise = highest level, considers all activity
domain = more specific aspects of the enterprise
solution = specific business problem or opportunity
what are the domains of enterprise architecture
security, business, data, applications and infrsaturcture
which domains does solution architecture affect
all domains
define governance
controlling activity and decision making to ensure that the change delivered matches the specifications agreed with the business through the use of processes and organisational structures
define risk management
coordinated activities to direct and control an organisation with regard to risk
define compliance
the state of being in accordance with established guidelines or specifications
what is a delivery roadmap
a high level plan for the delivery of the changes required to implement and deploy the solution.
based on gap analysis, models of the problem and solution are designed along with transitional states
what is gap analysis
the systematic identification of differences or gaps between two architectures. The gaps indicate which parts of the as-is architecture need to change to achieve the transformation to the to-be architecture.
what is a business case
a record of the decisions made by the business relating to the solution, including consideration of alternatives and cost benefit analysis and ROI forecast
what is a risk assessment
an assessment of risks, assumptions, issues, dependencies etc., typically captured in a RAID log
whar are some of the drivers for architecture
“internal and external factors
problem solving
strategic change
legal requirements
e.g. changes in legislationsm the offer of a new product or service or in response to competitor action”
what does vmost stand for
vision
mission
objectives
strategy
tactics”
what are some exmaples of internal drivers of architecture
business strategy
it strategy
business analysis techniques such as the life cycle for business change
enterprise architecture frameworks”
what are some exmaples of external drivers of architecture
Political
economical
social
technology
legilsation
environmental”
what is an architecture description
work product used to express the state of an architecture
what are the solution components
POPIT
People
Organisation
Processes and procedures
Information and data
Technology
what are the five stages in the five-stage life cycle for business change
align
define - creating business case
design - what solution architecture is mainly focuses on
implement
realise - handover of solution
what are the three levels of a business system
it system
information system
business system
what are the basic components of a business system
actors
roles
functions
processes
capabilities
services
information concepts
what is an applications portfolio catalogue
a list of all the applications in the enterprise with details of how and by whom they are being used
what is an applications interface catalogue
documents all of the interfaces between the applications
Explain the purpose and use of cross-reference grids
Cross-reference grids are a tool used to visualise the dependencies and relationships of applications with other areas of architecture and how this relates to a particular function or process within the organisation
Identify different kinds of applications
User application
Infrastructure application
Platform application
Business application
Generic application
what are business applications
unique or off the shelf, such as enterprise resource planning (SAP, Oracle, MS Dynamics) or customer relationship management (CRM such as Salesforce, Microsoft Dynamic) systems
what is a generic application
used for multiple purposes eg office productivity Gmail
what is an application platform
PaaS
usually considered part of the infrastructure domain
Explain the differences between data and information and how they are used
Data: reinterpretable representation of information in a formalised manner suitable for communication or processing
information: Knowledge concerning objects, such as facts, events, things, processes or ideas
As data is used throughout an organisation and throughout various applications, its state, structure and use changes
What are the states
Data in Storage
Data in motion
Data structures
Data items
what is a technical reference model
taxonomy of the terminology, components and conceptual organisation of the infrastructure
what is the standards reference catalogue
describes all technical standards in use
what is a hardware configuration view
shows current (physical) and preferred (logical) configurations - supports design and rationalisation activities and to resolve conflicts
what is an application technology matrix
cross references between applications and the infrastructure services they use
what is a platform model
technology platforms that support the operations of business applications and the management of data
what is an NFR
non functional requirement
what are use case models
shows interactoins with internal and external components
what are component models
how components work together using messages
Describe the role of APIs in software architecture
Enable data exchange and other communications between applications
Enable modularisation and reuse of software components
what are the key features of data architecture security
Security protection.
Security feature.
Security policy.
Information domain.
Identity.
Encryption.
Checksum.
what are the key features of data architecture security
identification
authentication
authorisation
access
what are the key features of infrastructure architecture security
regular auditing
event monitoring
penetration testing and ethical hacking
Checksum and digital signatures are both KEY concepts in the security of which architecture domain?
data
Which of the following is a KEY concept in application architecture security?
A Segmentation.
B Modularity.
C Identification.
D Encryption.
identification
In infrastructure architecture security which KEY activity can be used to
expose vulnerabilities?
A Change analysis.
B Creating use case models.
C Penetration testing.
D Encryption.
penetration testing
what is meant by a holistic approach
solution can include building blocks from any part of the business, not just IT
what is strategic debt
short-term, urgent solutions that go against strategy
what is strategic alignment
takes a long term view on how the solution will work together
what is the difference between a functional and non functional requirement
functional requirements define what the product does - what the product must do to satisfy the needs of the stakeholders
non functional requirements describe how the product works
what are the functional requirements categories
information and data
business processes
business rules
transaction processing
reporting, management information, BI and analytics
administration and access management
legislation and regulation
what are the categories for non functional requirement
performance
capacity
integrity
accessibility
availability
usability
security
what are some examples of constraints on functional requirements
finance
technology
time
capability
what are the stages of the solution architecture lifecycle
- initiation
- discovery
- solution outline
- solution analysis
- logical design
- solution validation
- solution roadmap
- solution delivery
what happens during the initiation phase of the solution architecture lifecycle
business authorises solution architecture work to begin
what happens during the discovery phase of the solution architecture lifecycle
investigating the situation
engaging with stakeholders
gathering inputs
what happens during the solution outline phase of the solution architecture lifecycle
describing one or more solutions in high level terms to stimulate feedback from the business
what happens during the solution analysis phase of the solution architecture lifecycle
deciding on one or two solutions to take forward
developing POCs for these solutions
what happens during the logical design phase of the solution architecture lifecycle
developing a single model of the solution and its components
what happens during the solution validation phase of the solution architecture lifecycle
testing and assuring that the design addresses the concerns of stakeholders, maximising positive impact and minimising disruption
what happens during the roadmap development phase of the solution architecture lifecycle
produce a structured delivery plan with stakeholder priorities and timelines
what are the stakeholder categories in solution architecture
- business owners and senior managers
- business sponsor or product owner
- end users or business actors
- customers and business ervice users
- solution architecht
what does RACI stand for
responsibility
accountability
consultation
information
what is the purpose of a business case
can include options of solutions that are used to support decision making and persuade stakeholders how to move forward
what needs to be considered with business feasability
strategic fit
timely
organisational fit
culture fit
capability fit
regulatory alignment
what are the measures in the 2x2 matrix for benefits
immediate -> longer term
tangible -> intangible
