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notes Flashcards

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1
Q

LITMUS color in acid

A

red

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2
Q

THYMOLPHTHALEIN color in acid

A

colorless

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3
Q

THYMOLPHTHALEIN color in alkali

A

blue

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4
Q

PHENOLPHTHALEIN color in acid

A

colorless

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5
Q

METHYL ORANGE color in acid

A

red

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6
Q

METHYL ORANGE color in alkali

A

yellow

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7
Q

LITMUS in alkali

A

blue

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8
Q

acid + metal

A

salt + hydrogen

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9
Q

acid + alkali

A

salt + water

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10
Q

acid + base (metal oxide)

A

salt + water

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11
Q

acid + carbonate (or hydrogen carbonate)

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide

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12
Q

acids are proton ……

A

donors

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13
Q

bases are proton…..

A

acceptors

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14
Q

strong acid meaning

A

completely dissociated in aqueous solution

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15
Q

weak acid meaning

A

partially dissociated in aqueous solution

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16
Q

basic oxides behave as a….

A

base in its reactions

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17
Q

amphoteric oxide

A

can behave like a base and sometimes can behave like an acid

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18
Q

acidic oxide behaves as….

A

an acid

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19
Q

What is the ion responsible for producing acidic solutions?

A

hydrogen ion

20
Q

What is the ion responsible for producing alkali solutions?

A

hydroxide ion

21
Q

State the group that the alkali metals belong to on the periodic table

A

Group 1

22
Q

what is the symbol equation for the dissociation of hydrochloric acid

A

HCl —> Hˆ+ + Clˆ-

23
Q

what is the symbol equation for the dissociation of ethanoic acid

A

CH3COOH —> CH3COOˆ- + Hˆ+

24
Q

2 similarities between the reactions of dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute ethanoic acid

A
  1. both react with alkalis
  2. both have a pH lower than 7
25
Q

2 differences between the reactions of dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute ethanoic acid

A
  1. HCl has a lower pH than Ch3COOH (at same conc.)
  2. HCl conducts better than CH3COOH (at same conc.)
26
Q

properties of acids (4)

A
  • contain Hˆ+ ions
  • soluble in water
  • sour to the taste
  • corrosive
27
Q

properties of bases (4)

A
  • metal oxides, carbonates and hydroxides
  • some bases soluble in water (alkalis)
  • soapy to the touch
  • corrosive
28
Q

hydrochloric acid reacting with a metal

A

with any metal above hydrogen in the reactivity series causes effervescence and heat. squeaky pop test to test for hydrogen gas

29
Q

hydrochloric acid reacting with a metal oxide (base)

A

neutralisation reaction

30
Q

hydrochloric acid reacting with a metal hydroxide (base)

A

neutralisation reaction

31
Q

hydrochloric acid reacting with a metal carbonate

A

causes effervescence and the gas formed turns limewater milky, showing the development of CO2

32
Q

hydrochloric acid reacting with Ammonia solution (base)

A

neutralization reaction

33
Q

what do metals reacting with oxygen form?

A

ionic oxides that are basic in nature

34
Q

what do non-metals burning in oxygen form?

A

acidic covalent oxides

35
Q

hydrated salts

A

salts in the solid form that contain water of crystllization

36
Q

water of crystillization

A

water molecules that are chemically bonded into the crystal structure of ionic compounds

37
Q

anhydrous salts

A

salts that don’t contain water molecules

38
Q

What is a salt?

A

salts are ionic compounds made up of positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions)

39
Q

ammonia gives…

A

ammonium salts

40
Q

hydrochloric acid gives…

A

salts called chlorides

41
Q

sulfuric acid gives…

A

salts called sulfates

42
Q

nitric acid gives…

A

salts called nitrates

43
Q

method of salt preparation (7 steps)

A
  1. Warm some acid gently (to speed up the reaction)
  2. add to the acid an excess of either the metal, metal oxide, or metal carbonate
  3. Filter the mixture to remove the excess solid
  4. Transfer to an evaporating dish and evaporate some of the water off over a Bunsen Burner until crystals start to form
  5. Leave to cool
  6. Filter to get the crystals
  7. Dry the crystals on filter paper
44
Q

preparing salts from acids and alkalis (titration) (9 steps)

A
  1. place a known volume of acid using a volumetric pipette
  2. add a few drops of the indicator (3-4)
  3. add the alkali to the acid until the indicator changes color - using a burette
  4. Record the volume of alkali added to the acid
  5. repeat without the indicator
  6. transfer to the evaporating dish and heat to evaporate off some of the water until crystals form
  7. leave to cool
  8. filter to get crystals
  9. dry the crystals on filter paper
45
Q

preparing INSOLUBLE salts (4 steps)

A
  1. mix equal quantities of the two soluble salts
  2. filter to remove the insoluble salt or precipitate
  3. wash the precipitate with water
  4. leave to dry

chem acids bases and salts (1 decks)

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