Notes Flashcards
1
Q
Oil based barium is for
A
Bowel obstructions/bowel performations
2
Q
Barium sulfate is used for
A
Sepsis
3
Q
Positive contrast agent
A
Barium/iodine (higher atomic number)
4
Q
Negative contrast agent:
A
Air/gas (lower atomic number)
5
Q
What does threshold mean ?
A
Safe up to a certain part
6
Q
Non threshold means?
A
No dose is a safe dose
7
Q
Linear means ?
A
Directly proportional
8
Q
Non linear means :
A
Not directly proportional
9
Q
Example of non linear threshold
A
Cataracts
10
Q
Example of linear non threshold
A
Thyroid cancer
11
Q
Early tissue reaction
A
Minutes, hours, days
12
Q
Late effects
A
Cancer (stochastic) random
13
Q
What is radiolysis ?
A
Free radicals with water
14
Q
What is target theory ?
A
Radiation hits cell so many times it will die
15
Q
Most sensitive phase of mitosis?
A
Metaphase
16
Q
Difference of fractionation and protraction?
A
Fractionated: large dose broken up
Protracted: small dose over time
17
Q
Bremstrahlung
A
Nucleus
18
Q
If the kvp is below 70 all interactions are
A
Brems
19
Q
If the kvp is above 70 what % are characteristic and brems ?
A
85% brems
15% charactersitic
20
Q
What is leakage radiation?
A
Never deals with body
21
Q
What does leakage radiation have to stay below ?
A
100mR @ 1m
22
Q
Body interaction with coherent scatter
A
Excited cell and leaves, no interaction, and non ionizing
23
Q
Compton body interaction
A
Scatter as occupational dose, outer shell, recoil electron, and scatter electron
24
Q
Photoelectric effect
A
Inner shell
25
What is radiopaque?
Can’t see through example (iodine)
26
What is radiolucent ?
Can see through, examples sponges
27
Sizes of smaller/larger filaments
Smaller: .1 to .5
Larger: .4 to .2
28
Remnant exit radiation comes out of?
The patient
29
What is the input phosphor?
Concave in shape, cesium iodide turns X-rays to light
30
What is a photocathode ?
Concave cesium antimony (light to electrons)
31
Electrostatic lenses
Electrons stagger cone electrons pulled up, kv accelerates 30-35
32
What is vignetting
Unsharpness around the edges
33
Define mag mode:
Shows a better detailed picture
34
Does mag mode increase patient dose or decrease patient dose?
Increase
35
Lead Bucky slot cover and lead curtains have what amount of lead ?
0.25 mm lead
36
Is density more black and white or gray?
Overall blackness of an image
37
Is contrast more black and white or gray?
Gray
38
If you increase mas and density you
Produce more photons
39
True/false
| Kvp can affect quantity and quality
True
40
If you increase kvp what happens to exposure
Increase exposure
41
If you increase kvp you increase scatter which can cause what?
fog
42
If you increase kvp, what happens to contrast
Decreases
43
If grid ratio increases, photons reaching the IR increases or decreases
Decreases
44
If you increase the field of view, what happened to the collimating ?
Decrease collimation
45
If you decrease field of view what happens to collimation?
Increase collimation
46
Additive conditions
Increase the contrast, more is getting absorbed
47
Occupation worker effective dose limit
50mSv
48
Quarterly effective dose limit for an occupational worker ?
12.5 mSv
49
Cumulative occupational worker (whole body)
10 mSv X age in years
50
NCRP #116 recommendation for annual dose for a student?
1mSv
51
NCRP #116 pregnant tech/fetus
Pregnant tech is 5 mSv per gestation/ 0.50 per month
52
Average occupational exposer annual?
1mSv-5mSv
53
Annual dose for skin/organs
200 mSv
54
Annual dose for eyes ?
150mSv
55
General public dose for skin/organs?
1/10th occupational dose 5 mSv infrequent
56
General public dose for eyes ?
1mSv for frequent
57
Fluoro timer is for ?
5 minutes
58
Fluoro exposure to patient at tabletop
Not > 10R/min total
59
Leakage radiation from tube housing
100mR/hr -1 meter from tube
60
Source table distance fixed Fluoro tube
38 cm or 15 inches
61
Source table mobile fixed Fluoro tube
30 cm or 12 inches
62
sID indicator tape measure is accurate to
2% sid indicated at 40 inches
63
Collimation accuracy has to be
2% SID
64
Reproducibility of exposure
5%
65
Linearity
10% variability
66
Kvp accuracy
5%
67
Filtration if it’s below 50 kvp
0.5 mm aluminum minimum
68
Filtration 50-70 kvp
1.5 mm aluminum
69
Filtration above 70 kvp
2.5 mm aluminum (0.5mm inherent plus 2 mm added)
70
Portable cord must extend
6 feet; stand 90 degrees to scattering object
71
Protective shielding falls under which NCRP?
NCRP 102
72
Primary barrier
1/16th PB
73
Secondary barrier
1/32nd PB
74
Protection from scatter and leakage radiation must have how much overlap?
1/2 inch
75
Bucky slot cover/curtain must have
0.25 lead equivalent
76
Aprons must have
0.25 mm lead equivalent
77
Glasses must have
.35 mm PB
78
Amount of time by a given individual
Occupancy Factor
79
Occupancy factor for controlled areas abs uncontrolled
Control: radiation workers exposure rate is < 100mR week
Uncontrolled: occupied by anyone exposure rate 10 mR per week
80
Amount of time the tube is energized
Use factor
81
Film badge
Detects as low as 0.1 mSv to as high as 5000 mSv: contains films, filters, aluminum, copper, tin, permanent record use for 1 month
82
TLD
Detects as low as 0.05 mSv contains lithium fluoride crystals, filter: spectrum chip, written record, use for up to 3 months
83
OSL
Detects 0.01 mSv to 10 mSv contains aluminum oxide, filters: aluminum, tin, copper, permanent record, use for up to 1 year
84
Pocket dosimeter
Detects as low as 0.03 mSv; rely on the ability of ionizing radiation to ionize a gas wh thing a sealed chamber resulting in changes of electrodes; pencil shaped ionization chamber no permanent record and immediate reading
85
Point at which a response or reaction to an increasing stimulation first occurs, below a certain radiation level no biological effects observed
Threshold
86
Any radiation dose is capable of producing a biological effect
Nonthreshold
87
Dose and response are directly proportional
Linear
88
Dose and response are directly proportional
Linear
89
Dose and response indirectly proportional
Nonlinear
90
Occurs within minutes, hours, days, weeks, from higher doses nausea, fatigue, erythema, epilation, blood disorders, intestinal disorders, fever
Early tissue reactions
91
Months or years after, cancer, catsractogenesis
Late tissue reactions
92
Cancer, genetic effects
Stochastic
93
Bone marrow destruction, reduction or RBC, WBC, and platelets
Linear, threshold
94
LET
Average energy deposited by radiation, as LET increases, biological damage increases
95
Alpha has high LET, X-ray and gamma have low LET true or false
tRue
96
RBE
Radiation of different levels produces a particular biological effect, RBE and LET see directly related
97
Oxygen effect, more sensitive with oxygen less sensitive without oxygen OER for human tissues has a maximum of 3.0
OER
98
Equal dose of radiation that is delivered with time interval separations
Fractionation
99
Radiation dose delivered continuously but at lower dose rate
Protraction
100
Double strand contains genetic information
DNA
101
A and G
Purines
102
C and T
Prymidines
103
A and T bond and c and G bond in DNA true or false
True
104
Single strand uracil links with adenine
rNa
105
Parent cell divides to form 2 daughter cells
Mitosis
106
Germ cell division
Meiosis
107
In pregnancy what is most sensitive but least radio resistant
First trimester
108
Law if bergonie and tribondeau
Immature cells are more sensitive, sensitivity increases with mitotic activity, sensitivity frs teases with increased specialization.
109
Least sensitive to most sensitive
Nerve, muscle, and lymphocyte
110
Step down delivers
Ma
111
Transformers
Start at ac current rectifier changes them to direct current
112
Primary side (low voltage) step up changes to kilo voltage
Auto transformer
113
Source for voltage in the generator
Auto transformer
114
Step down transformer mutual induction decrease voltage increase amperage
Filament
115
Only 1% ripple most efficient
High frequency
116
Controls quantity no effect on quality
Milliampere seconds
117
Controls quality affects quantity
Kilovoltage
118
Res ipsa loquitur
The thing speaks for itself
119
Respondeat superior
Let the master answer
120
ARRT standards of ethics is composed of
Preamble, statement of purpose, code of ethics, rules of ethics, administrative procedures
121
How many cervical bones are there ?
7
122
How to control voluntary motion?
Clear communication, sandbags, sponges, tape, short exposure, etc
123
When it comes to shielding if gonads are in how many centimeters of primary beam?
5 cm
124
Population with sthenic body?
50%
125
Population with hyposthenic?
35%
126
Population with asthenic body habits ?
10%
127
Population with hypersthenic ?
5%
128
Any plane parallel to MSP is called a
Sagittal plane
129
Divides the body into superior and inferior portions
Transverse plane
130
Central shaft is called
Diaphysis
131
Located at both ends of the diaphysis
Epiphysis
132
Femur and humerus are what kind of bone ?
Long bones
133
Wrist and ankle bones are what kind of bone?
Short bone
134
Ribs and scapular are what kinda of bones
Flat bones
135
Vertebrae sesamoids are what kind of bones
Irregular bones
136
Fibrous(synarthroses)
Immovable (skull sutures)
137
Cartilagenous (amphiarthroses)
Slightly movable (pubic symphasis)
138
Synovial(diarthroses)
Freely movable
139
Hinge joint:
Motion in one plane (elbow)
140
Pivot:
Rotary moving on ring rotated around axis (radioulnar articulation)
141
Concavo convex allowing flexion extension adduction and abduction
Saddle (thumb)
142
Movement in infinite number of axis
Ball and socket (hip/shoulder)
143
Gliding movement
Gliding (ankle wrist )
144
Two direction right angles to each other
Condyloid (radioulnar joint)
145
Not involving any angular rotary motion and is the easiest of movement
Gliding
146
How many thoracic bones ?
12
147
How many lumber bones?
5
148
How many sacral bones
5
149
How many coccygeal bones
4/5
150
Exaggerated lumbar concavity?
Lordosis
151
Lateral curvature of any region
Scoliosis
152
Exaggerated convexity in thoracic region
Kyphosis
153
Horseshoe shaped bile and pancreatic secretions are added to the small intestine
Duodenum
154
Greatest amount of absorption in small intestine ?
Jejunum
155
Connects with the small intestine is 2.5 meters long ?
Ileum
156
Approximately 1.5 m long?
Large intestine
157
Part of colon from cecum to the hepatic flexure
Ascending
158
From hepatic flexure to the splenic flexure
Transverse
159
From splenic flexure to the level of the pelvic bone on the left side of the body
Descending
160
S shaped curve in the colon
Sigmoid
161
From sigmoid colon down to the pelvic diaphragm
Rectum
162
How many centimeters is the anus
3 cm
163
Partial loss of continuity in a joint
Subluxation
164
Central ray for a PA hand ?
Perpendicular to the 3rd MCP joint
165
Central ray for oblique hand
Perpendicular to the third MCP joint
166
Central ray for a lateral hand
Perpendicular to second MCP joint
167
Up to a certain point ?
Threshold
168
No dose is a safe dose
Non threshold
169
Is directly proportional linear or non linear ?
Linear
170
Not directly proportional is linear or non linear ?
Non linear
171
If kvp is below 70 what is it ?
Brem
172
Above 70 kvp % of brem and characteristic ?
85 brem
| 15 characteristic
173
Body interactions include
Coherent and Compton
174
Higher attenuation higher absorption and lower transmission to IR
Higher atomic number
175
Lower attenuation lower absorption higher transmission to IR
Lower atomic number
176
Lower atomic number shows what kinda image
Darker image
177
Inner shell happens in what kind of interaction
Photoelectric
178
Anode is made of ?
Tungsten, high melting point
179
True or false KVP only effects quality
False; affects both quality and quantity
180
More shades of gray
Bit depth
181
Increases spatial resolution of image
Modulation transfer function
182
Window level controls?
Brightness
183
Window width controls
Contrast
184
Many shades of gray ?
Long scale
185
Long scale is also known as
Wide
186
Long scale shows
Low contrast, high KVP example is chest X-RAY
187
Short scale
High contrast narrow more black and white, narrow latitude examples is hand and foot X-rays
188
Increasing bit depth shows
More gray
189
SI Unit
Sievert and gray
190
Another word for sievert
REM
191
Another word for gray ?
RaD
192
If you increase mas what does that do to patient ?
Increases dose to patient
193
Biological effectiveness of radiation
Sievert
194
Xrays are weighed at
1
195
Alpha particles are weighed at
20
196
Coulombs per kilogram
Air kerma
197
Radioactivity
Becqueral
198
Less resistant (most sensitive)
Wbc fetus lumphocyte
199
Mature cells radiosensitive or no
Decrease radio sensitivity
200
Immature cells are sensitive or not
Sensitive
201
Cell division sensitive or not.
Sensitive
202
Least sensitive cells
Nerve, muscle, stem, lymphocyte
203
If a cell has more oxygen are they more or less sensitive ?
More sensitive
204
RBE and LET directly or indirectly proportional?
Directly proportional
205
LET low energy or high energy?
Low energy
206
Most sensitive cell division phase?
Metaphase
207
Cell division
Mitosis
208
Germ cells
Meiosis
209
Inverse square law is for
Intensity
210
Direct square law is for
Density
211
Fixed
38 cm or 15 inches
212
Mobile
30 cm or 12 inches
213
Portable cord
6 feet long
214
Lead apron for Fluoro
.5 mm lead
215
Lead apron for just xray
.25 mm lead
216
Lead needed for gloves
.25 mm lead
217
Thyroid shield lead
.5 mm
218
Eyeglass
.35 mm lead
219
Shielding minimum lead equivalent
NCRP 102
220
Source of KVP; primary determine amount of voltage
Auto transformer
221
Secondary side voltage becomes kilovoltage
Step up transformer
222
Step down transformer adjust current sent to filament
Filament transformer
223
Primary side how long duration of image seconds time
Exposure timer
224
Timer that is most accurate
Electronic timer
225
Using higher frequency
Creates more consistent image
226
How many bones in cervical neck
7 bones
227
Involuntary motion is controlled with
Short exposure
228
Equivalent dose
The product of absorbed dose X radiation weighing factor
229
Lower uo is at ion radiation such as X-rays and gamma rays have
Lower LET
230
Effective dose measurement
Sievert
231
Natural background radiation
48% largest source is radon
232
Primary radiation is
Radiation exiting the X-ray tube
233
Heterogenous beams
X-ray beam that contains photons of many different energies
234
Incoming photon strikes a loosely bound outer shell electron
Compton interaction
235
Photon has been completely absorbed
Photolelectric interaction
236
Incoming X-ray photon strikes a K shell electron energy of X-ray photon is transferred to electron
Photoelectric interaction
237
Perpendicular plates forms
Superior part of nasal septum
238
Spinal cord enters here to attach to brain stem
Foremen magnum
239
Large air space
Maxillary sinus
240
Upper bridge of nose
Nasal bones
241
Clavicle articulated with the manubrium at the
Eternal end
242
Clavicle articulates with the scapula at the
Lateral end
243
Lateral articulates with the radius expanded area just superior is call the
Lateral epicondyle
244
Medial articulates with the ulna expanded area just superior is called
Medial epicondyle
245
Proximal row of wrist bones
Scaphoid lunate triqueteum and pisiform
246
Distal row of wrist bones
Trapezium trapezoid capitate and hamate
247
Greater sciatic notch
Located beneath the articulates surface of hip bone
248
Shows adaptations related to functions as a birth canal, wide outlet, angle of the pubic arch is obtuse
Female pelvis
249
Shows adaptations that contribute to power and speed, heart shaped outlet, and angle of the pubic arch is acute
Make pelvis
250
Located beneath the talus
Calcaneus
251
Located in front of the talus on the medial side; articulates with three cunieform bones distally
Navicular
252
Lies along the lateral border of the navicular bone
Cuboid
253
Afferent neurons carry the sensory information to
CNS
254
Efferent neutrons carry the motor information away from the
CNS
255
How long is the spinal cord in centimeter
45.8 CM
256
Coordinates balance and equilibrium
Cerebellum
257
Bulb on the spinal cord located inside the foremen magnum
Medulla oblongata
258
Ropelike mass of white fibers connects the halves of the cerebellum
Pons
259
Membrous coverings of the brain and spinal cord
Meninges
260
Heart is located here
Mediastinum
261
How long is a cardiac cycle ?
0.8 seconds
262
#output photons/ # input photons
Flux gain formula
263
Input diameter2/
| Output diameter 2
Minification gain
264
Flux gain X minification gain
Total brightness formula
265
Concave, cesium iodide
Input phosphor
266
Concave, cesium antimony
Photocathode
267
Low voltage (25-35 KV)
Electrostatic lenses
268
Accelerates electrons
Anode
269
Zinc cadmium sulfide
Output phosphor
270
Protective curtain needs how much lead
.25
271
Bucky slot requires how much lead?
.25 mm PB
272
Total filtration requires how much aluminum
2.5 mm AL
273
OID + SOD
SID
274
SID - SOD
OID
275
SID - OID
SOD
276
Grid conversion formula
mAS1
mAS2 = GCF1
GCF 2
277
Which photon tissue interaction makes radiography possible because of its creation of contrast?
Photoelectric
278
Unit of radiation absorbed in air is the
Gy a
279
The unit of radioactivity is the
Becquerel
280
The unit of effective dose is the
Sievert
281
Medical X-rays are an example of
Artificially produced radiation
282
Cataractogenesis doesn’t not occur at low levels of radiation exposure; it is best expressed by which if the following dose response relationships
Threshold
283
Increased dose equals increase probability of effects best describes
Stochastic
284
The minimum source to skin distance for fixed Fluoro is
15 inches
285
The blood count is depressed after a whole body dose equivalent of at least how many rads
0.25 sv
286
The most common effect from exposure to ionizing radiation is
Nothing
287
Xrays may remove electrons from atoms in the body by a process called
Ionization
288
Ionization may cause
Unstable atoms
289
Damage to the cell being irritated is called
Somatic
290
The annual effective dose per person from natural background radiation is approximately
3.0 mSV
291
Lifetime accumulated occupational dose
Cumulative effective dose
292
Photon cell interactions occur
By chance
293
Calipers are used to measure
Patient part thickness
294
The smallest particle of an element
Atom
295
Atomic mass is the
Number of protons plus neutrons
296
Xrays travel as bundles of energy called
Photons
297
The height of a sine wave is called
Amplitude
298
The transformer that operates on the principle of self induction is the
Auto transformer
299
To ensure consistency of radiographic quality from one exposure to the next what device may be used
AEC
300
An X-ray machine that uses a continually decreasing mA for the shortest times possible is
Falling load generator
301
Devices in the X-ray circuit that operate in the principle of mutual induction are called
Transformers
302
The high voltage section of the X-ray circuit makes use of what type of transformer
Step up
303
The device in the X-ray cutout that changes AC TO DC is the
Rectifier
304
What type of current is required for proper operation of the X-ray tube
Direct
305
The focusing cup is located at the
Cathode
306
Interaction that produces X-ray at the anode as a result of outer shell electron filling holes in the k shell
Characteristic
307
In digital flouro the image should be viewed in a ?
High resolution monitor
308
Lightness and darkness of the image in computer radiography may be adjusted by
Adjusting the window level
309
Self induction occurs in
Auto transformer
310
Mutual induction occurs in the
Step up and step down transformer
311
The electricity provided to the radiology department
60HZ alternating current
312
The electricity provided to the radiology department operate at
120 pulses per second
313
A variable transformer that is used to select kvp for the X-ray circuit is the
Auto transformer
314
A transformer that has more turns in the secondary coil that in the primary coil is called
Step up transformer
315
Transformer used to boost voltage to kilovoltage levels called
Step up transformer
316
Voltage coming to the X-ray machine is kept constant through the use of an
Line voltage compensator
317
A step down transformer
Steps down voltage
318
Thermionic emission occur
Cathode
319
Which device is prereading
Kvp meter
320
Device reduce voltage and provides current to produce an electron cloud or space charge at the filament
Step down transformer
321
Device is electronic with a setting as low as 0.001
Timer
322
What changes AC to DC
Rectifier
323
Which is surrounded by a negatively charged focusing cup
Filament
324
Solid state silicon based diodes
Rectifier
325
What regulates the duration of X-ray production
Timer
326
What is located in the X-ray circuit between the high voltage transformer and the X-ray tube
Rectifier
327
What Measures tube current
MA meter
328
What device spins at 10,000- 12000 RPM
Anode
329
What device uses maximum heat storage ability of the tube to deliver mas
Falling load generator
330
What is the source of brenstrahmlung and characteristic rays
Anode
331
What device increases voltage approximately 509 times
Step up transformer
332
What is the most commonly used AEC
Ionization chamber
333
What device always delivers the shortest exposure time possible
Falling load generator
334
What device is turned by a rotor
Anode
335
Which of the following is located between the patient and the image receptor
Ionization chamber
336
The filament is kept warm by
A stay by current from the tjme the X-ray machine is turned on
337
Activating the rotor
Reduces tube life
338
The process of thermionic emission causes
Electrons to boil off the filament
339
The force with which the electron steam passes from cathode to anode is a result of … passing through the X-ray tube
Kilovoltage
340
Heat is produced in the X-ray tube as
Electrons interact with the target material
341
Most of the energy conversion in the X-ray tube produces
Heat
342
Xrays are produces as incident electrons are slowed going past the nuclei of target atoms by a process called
Bremsstrahlung
343
Xrays are produced as incident electrons collide with inner shell electrons in target atoms by a process called
Characteristic
344
What percentage of energy in the X-ray tube is converted to X-rays
1%
345
X-ray emission spectrum consists of
Discrete spectrum (characteristic) and continuous (brems)
346
Primary purpose of filtration
Radiation protection
347
Total filtration not less than
2.5 mm aluminum equivalent
348
Primary grid used in diagnostic imaging
Focused
349
Receptor exposure may be defined as
Dose area product
350
The radio graphic image is for
| Ed by
Exit rays striking the image receptor
351
Primary controlling factors of receptor exposure are
Mas and Sid
352
Relationship between mas and receptor exposure
Receptor exposure is directly proportional
353
Receptor exposure is formally called
Density
354
MAS directly control
The quantity of X-rays produced at the anode
355
Relationship between kvp and receptor exposure may be described as
Direct although not proportional
356
The 15% rule states that
Receptor exposure may be halved by decreasing kvp by 15%
357
Governs the relationship between SId and receptor exposure
Inverse square law
358
If SId is doubled what may be said about the receptor exposure
Receptor exposure is reduced to one fourth
359
If SId is reduced by one half what must be done to mas to maintain a constant receptor exposure
Reduce mas to one fourth it’s original value
360
Which of the following describes the relationship between receptor exposure and the use of grids
Grids reduce receptor exposure unless mas are increased to compensate
361
The use of filtration
Has little effect on receptor exposure because a X-rays removed from beam are not image producing rays
362
As beam restriction increases
Receptor exposure decreases
363
The fiction of contrast is to
Make detail visible
364
Lower spatial resolution may be cause by what factors
Wide pixel pitch
365
Converts X-ray energy to light energy
Input phosphor
366
Coverts light every to electron energy
Photocathode
367
Converts electron energy T light energy for viewing
Output phosphor
368
Product of flux gain and minufcation gain
Total brightness gain
369
The ability to do work
Energy
370
Energy if position
Potential energy
371
Energy of motion
Kinetic energy
372
Energy that is emitted and transferred through matter
Electromagnetic energyy
373
Electromagnetic radiation that is able to remove an electron from an atom
Ionizing radiation
374
Removal of an electron from an atom
Ionization
375
Number of protons plus number of neutrons represented by the letter a
Atomic mass
376
Number of protons in nucleus: letter Z
Atomic number if an atom
377
Atoms with the same number of protons but with a different number of neutrons
Isotopes
378
X-ray bean inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source of the X-rays and the object
Inverse square law
379
Matter cannot be created or destroyed only changed in form
Law of conservation of matter
380
Energy cannot be created or destroyed only changed in form
Law of converse ration of energy
381
Material that allow the free flow of electrons
Conductor
382
Object that prohibits the flow of electrons
Insulator
383
Material that may act as an insulator or conductor under different conditions
Semiconductor
384
Voltage in the circuit is equal to the current X resistance
Ohm’s Law
385
What is the source of brem and characteristic tags
Anode
386
The force with which the electron steam passes from cathode to anode is a result of … passing through the tube
Kilovoltage
387
Xrays are produced as electron are slowed going past the nuclei of target atoms by a process called
Brems
388
What percentage of energy is in the X-ray tube is converted to X-rays
1%
389
Exposure linearity must be accurate to withi
10%
390
Exposure reproducibility must be accurate to within
5%
391
Test that measures the accuracy of adjacent ma stations
Exposure linearity
392
Test that measures the accuracy of successive exposures
Exposure reproducibility
393
Up to a certain point
Threshold
394
No dose is a safe one
Non threshold
395
Brem or characteristic in the nucleus
Brem
396
Excited the cell and leaves no interaction non ionizing
Coherent
397
Procedure order
Endoscopy, urinary, biliary, CT, lower GI, Upper GI
398
What is a fomite
Object that has been in contact with a pathogen and susceptible host
399
What is a vector
Animal or insect transfers pathogen to human
400
Droplets and shat that are able to remain suspended in air for extended periods of time
Airborne transmission.
401
Transmitted primarily by coughs sneezes or other methods of spraying into a nearby host
Droplet transmission
402
Transmitted primarily by contaminated items such as food water medication device and equipment
Common vehicle transmission.
403
Arteries used for pulse
Carotid, radial
404
Blood pressure
Systolic/ diastolic
405
Pumping action of heart
Systolic pressure
406
Heart at rest measured
Dyastolic
407
Oxygen flow rate
3-5 liters a minute
408
Atoning number of 53
Iodine
409
Atomic number of 56
Barium
410
Upper GI and esophagram is barium mixed with
cold water
411
Barium enema is mixed with
Really warm water 100 F
