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West Civ Final > Notes > Flashcards

Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Consequences of Germanic invasions

A

Fall of Roman Empire

Germanic military leaders dominate imperial courts

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2
Q

Odoacer

A

Last Roman emperor until 476

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3
Q

Church opinion on Germanic emperors

A

Revered (respected)

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4
Q

Theodoric

A

Leader of Ostrogoths
Lived in Constantinople
Assassinated Odoacer because they co ruled Rome and be a Ted to become ruler of Italy

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5
Q

Ostrogoths in Italy and their downfall

A

Keep Roman tradition of government (imperial structure
Separate system of ruling between Ostrogoths and Romans
Lombards invaded them and ended their rule

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6
Q

Visigoths in Spain

A

Population coexisted well
Roman structure government
Dropped laws preventing intermarriage

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7
Q

Franks in Gaul (France)

A 
Merovingian dynasty
Reunite romans and franks
Clovis (leader) becomes Christian 
Promoted intermarriage between the highest 
Merovingian kings were very lazy
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8
Q

Germanic society

A

Strong Social bond
To romans, murder was a crime against the state
For Germanic people, murder was personal

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9
Q

Wergeld

A

Germanic law code

Based on “man money” (value to society based on age, gender, etc)

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10
Q

Marriage in Germanic society

A

Family is key and everything is done for family
Engagement is still done through gifts from groom
Women still had a dowry
Women had to be virgins
Adultery punished only for women
Divorce was legal

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11
Q

Role of Christian church

A

Need for more formal organization
May have supported Arianism
Bishops of Rome ruled church
Petrine Supremacy after 476 (pope leads)

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12
Q

Key players of Byzantine empire

A

Justinian (best emperor)
Military
Legal Specualists
Church officials

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13
Q

Justinian

A 
Advanced legal systems 
Advanced intellect (math, science)
Built many projects
Re organized imperial government t
Glory of Rome
Religious prominence
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14
Q

Issues after death of Justinian

A

Empire was way too large
Empty treasury (tax increases)
Justinian plague (decline of population)
Religious issues: 1) iconoclast crisis (breaking icons) 2) eastern schism (Catholic and Orthodox Church split)
Threats of Arab tribes (pushed back by Greek fire)

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15
Q

Islam

A

Revelation of god through Muhammad
Qu’ran (Muhammad’s revelations)
Support in Medina by population
No separation between religious and political leaders

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16
Q

Five pillars of Islam

A 
Profession of faith
Pray 5 times a day
Fast during Ramadan 
Pilgrimage to Mecca 
Give to poor
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17
Q

Merovingian dynasty

A

Original Frankish dynasty (French)
Mayors of palace controlled military finances religion
Mayor of palace was hereditary (primogeniture or given to oldest)
Peppin took power and turned it into carolingian dynasty
Charlemagne took power after

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18
Q

Chelderic

A

Last Merovingian king

Removed by Peppin

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19
Q

Charlemagne

A

Wanted to expand its territory to Rome
Ran administrative system (counts and missi Dominici)
Counts would rotate countries every three years (avoid connections)
Missi domici gave the order of the king to the counts
Christian ruler

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20
Q

Disintegration of the Carolingian empire

A 
Louis pious was after Charlemagne
He focused in religion 
He divided the empire into three for his three sons (Treaty of Verdun)
Charles, Louis, Lothair
Lothair got Rome so they fight him
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21
Q

Feudalism cause

A

Invasions from the north (Vikings) and from the south (Muslims)

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22
Q

Feudal contract

A

Counts or lords would hire knights (upper class)
Commitment was called a vassalage
They were rewarded with land (fief)
Knights had serfs beneath them. Relied on knights for defence
Serfs gave labour services and had to pay tax (rent) and tithe (church tax)

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23
Q

Predicament of serfs

A

Couldn’t save money because of taxes

Couldn’t leave because of Viking invasions

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24
Q

Feudal monarchy in France

A 
No more Carolingian kings
Capetians diminished power of the lord
Collapse carolingian institution 
Royal control centralized
Money was needed for war but nobility refused to pay taxes
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25
Q

England 9th and 10th century

A

Divided between anglos and saxons
Alfred the great created English monarchy uniting the two
Modeled on carolingian empire

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26
Q

William of Normandy

A

Claimed right to throne in England

Established loyalty to the king by giving land to his knights and nobles

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27
Q

Strong national army in England run by Henry I

A

Henry I : Lion of Justice
Sheriffs (messengers of the law)
Integrated into system of France (controlled Anjou, Normandy, Maine and Aquitane)
System of writs (people get legal advice)
Judicial reforms (especially with church)
constitution of Clarendon (private’s lost religious titles before being tried in courts) seen as double punishment
Thomas Beckett assasinated him

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28
Q

Taxation problems in England

A

Richard I participated in crusades and his death led to John taking power
Nobles were tired of never ending taxes from crusades
Magna Carta - nobles would be consulted about spending

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29
Q

France monarchy vs England monarchy

A

France is feudal monarchy

England is national monarchy

30
Q

National monarchy in England

A

Magna Carta
No free man judged by the crown
King bound to laws
Democratic

31
Q

Edward I

A

Created parliament in 1300

32
Q

Hundred Years’ War

A

French territory was help by English kings
Dispute over the crown on France
Phillips three sons ruled for short time and died
Complications made a debate between whether Charles Valois or Edward III should inherit land

33
Q

Results of 100 year war

A 
France was richer and had 3x many men 
England had better tactics lighter armour. Pop
French people were divided 
English monarchy gained popularity 
England won most battles
34
Q

Joan of Arc

A

Rallied for ace
Spoke to Charles VII that she had vision that he is king
She was captured at Bordeaux and tried for heresy and burned

35
Q

Consequences of 100 year war on France

A 
More power to cornw
Valois kings have new power
Destroy burgundy (traitors)
Expand territory
Encourage industrial growth
36
Q

Consequences of 100 year war in England

A 
Developed parliament 
Exaspération of paying taxes
Series of bad kings
War of roses 
Civil war between two English families
37
Q

War of roses

A 
After 100 years war
Aristocratic rebellion against Henry VI
Lancaster vs York
Ends with diplomacy 
Tudor dynasty created from marriage between two sides 
Growth as centralized monarchy
38
Q

Issues with Christianity and the fixes

A

1) Church weekend by disintegration of Carolingian empire (no defence : Independence from political authority
2) Petrine doctrine only allowed bishops of Rome to be pope : pope chosen by cardinals
3) bishops could sell postions : bishops cannot be chosen by lay people
4) simony (selling church objects) : simony condemned
5) priests had wives and mistresses : celibacy

39
Q

Religion in Germany

A

Otto I married widow of Lombard noble creating Holy Roman Empire
Led by bishops

40
Q

Controversy over lay investiture

A

King Henry IV kept naming bishops so the Pope Gregory VII excommunicated him
He was forgiven but immediately did t again
Compromise of worms: only church can name bishops

41
Q

Great schism of the west

A

Clement V moved center of Christianity to Avignon
Gregory moves papacy to Rome
Urban VI chosen as pope. Was BS because he was Roman
New pope clement VII was elected by Urban Didn’t want to leave
Urban = Rome
Clement = Avignon
Couldn’t make any changes so Martin V was declared pope in the end

42
Q

Religion in Italy

A 
Church authority is affected 
Delay of reforms
Pope wants more authority 
Papal States were in Italy since 756
Vatican becomes independent state in 1929
43
Q

Evolution for Spain

A

Visigoths displaced by Arabs

Spain becomes a caliphate (islamic)

44
Q

Spanish unity

A

Wedding Dianne of Aragon and Isabelle of Castille

Push muslims out of Spain (reconquista)

45
Q

Spanish Inquisition

A

Ferdinand creating unity

Targeted Jews to convert

46
Q

Second agriculture revolution

A

Heavy wheeled plow
Mill
Three field crop rotation

47
Q

Commercial revolution

A

Specialization

Revival of trade

48
Q

Rennaissance

A

Greco Roman civ

Individual abilities

49
Q

Age of discovery

A

Fantasy literature

Beyond medieval walls

50
Q

Links to Far East

A

Ottoman Turks
Economic Motive
Religious Zeal
Growth of centralized monarchies

51
Q

Portuguese and Spanish Empire

A 
God, Glory, Gold 
Portugal took lead
Guns and seamen
Colombus explored Spain
Treaty of Tordesillas
East goes to Portugal west goes to Spain
52
Q

Conquest of indigenous communities

A

Spanish encomienda
Conquistadores: permission to collect a tribute from natives and use them as labourers and protection of the natives, pay wages to the natives, supervise their ritual needs

53
Q

Reformation

A

Humans improved themselves through school and bible
Handbook of the Christian knight
Philosophy of Christ

54
Q

Erasmus

A

Dutch monk who advocated humanism

55
Q

Church and religion before reformation

A

No spiritual leadership
Money hungry
Salvation was given out

56
Q

Luther and reformation

A

Luther believed people were so sinful that church was bs
To get into heaven you need faith
Wanted accessible bible to read

57
Q

95 theses

A 
Issues by Luther 
Condemn indulgence 
Promotes printing 
Excommunication for him
Edict of worms
58
Q

Lutheranism

A

Support of the princes of saxony
Peasants war
Church in Germany become state supervised, new religious services marriage of ministers

59
Q

Reformation in England

A

King Henry VIII wants to divorce Catherine of Argon
Granted through ecclesiastical courts
Daughter named Elizabeth

60
Q

Act of supremacy

A

Archbishop changed a lot in churches
Clergy able to marry
Elimination of images
Common book of prayers

61
Q

Queen marry

A

She was married to Phillip a Spaniard and was catholic
Made her very unpopular
She burned protestants

62
Q

Queen Elizabeth

A

Successor of Queen marry
Protestant (leader of all Protestant nations)
Encouraged piracy
Phillip II invade England with Spanish Armada to protect Catholics (fail)
She ruled for 16 years

63
Q

Revolutionary politics in England under Charles II

A

Charles II passed test act. This inhibits Catholic from being involved in politics
State was Protestant

64
Q

Revolutionary politics in England under James II

A

James passed declaration of indulgence. Devout catholic
He had a son
Parliament asks William III to invade England to ensure a Protestant state

65
Q

Glorious revolution England

A 
Bill of rights guides rulers
Parliament controlled: Milotary, taxes, laws, 
No decisions without parliament 
Freedom of speech, press, arms
Constitutional monarchy 
Toleration act excludes Catholics
66
Q

British colonie revolution ideology

A

John Locke
Two treaties of govt
State of equality and freedom
Life liberty property

67
Q

Act of settlement 1701

A

Monarchs or heirs couldn’t marry Catholics

68
Q

American Revolution

A

Over taxation after 7 year war
Declaration of Independence 1776
Assistance from French (treaty of Paris 1783)
Embodied by enlightenment

69
Q

Absolutism

A

Kings rule by divinity

70
Q

Problems in France

A 
Economic crisis
Bad harvest
Food shortages
Govt finances down
Called a meeting of estates generals
71
Q

Louis XIV

A

Thought he was sun king.

Overall dickhead

72
Q

Estates of France

A 
First estate: clergy
Second estate: nobility
Robe: professionals
Sword: ancestral nobility
Third estate: everyone else (pay taxes too)

West Civ Final (2 decks)

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