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West Civ Final > Notes > Flashcards

Notes Flashcards

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1
Q

Consequences of Germanic invasions

A

Fall of Roman Empire

Germanic military leaders dominate imperial courts

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2
Q

Odoacer

A

Last Roman emperor until 476

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3
Q

Church opinion on Germanic emperors

A

Revered (respected)

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4
Q

Theodoric

A

Leader of Ostrogoths
Lived in Constantinople
Assassinated Odoacer because they co ruled Rome and be a Ted to become ruler of Italy

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5
Q

Ostrogoths in Italy and their downfall

A

Keep Roman tradition of government (imperial structure
Separate system of ruling between Ostrogoths and Romans
Lombards invaded them and ended their rule

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6
Q

Visigoths in Spain

A

Population coexisted well
Roman structure government
Dropped laws preventing intermarriage

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7
Q

Franks in Gaul (France)

A 
Merovingian dynasty
Reunite romans and franks
Clovis (leader) becomes Christian 
Promoted intermarriage between the highest 
Merovingian kings were very lazy
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8
Q

Germanic society

A

Strong Social bond
To romans, murder was a crime against the state
For Germanic people, murder was personal

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9
Q

Wergeld

A

Germanic law code

Based on “man money” (value to society based on age, gender, etc)

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10
Q

Marriage in Germanic society

A

Family is key and everything is done for family
Engagement is still done through gifts from groom
Women still had a dowry
Women had to be virgins
Adultery punished only for women
Divorce was legal

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11
Q

Role of Christian church

A

Need for more formal organization
May have supported Arianism
Bishops of Rome ruled church
Petrine Supremacy after 476 (pope leads)

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12
Q

Key players of Byzantine empire

A

Justinian (best emperor)
Military
Legal Specualists
Church officials

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13
Q

Justinian

A 
Advanced legal systems 
Advanced intellect (math, science)
Built many projects
Re organized imperial government t
Glory of Rome
Religious prominence
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14
Q

Issues after death of Justinian

A

Empire was way too large
Empty treasury (tax increases)
Justinian plague (decline of population)
Religious issues: 1) iconoclast crisis (breaking icons) 2) eastern schism (Catholic and Orthodox Church split)
Threats of Arab tribes (pushed back by Greek fire)

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15
Q

Islam

A

Revelation of god through Muhammad
Qu’ran (Muhammad’s revelations)
Support in Medina by population
No separation between religious and political leaders

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16
Q

Five pillars of Islam

A 
Profession of faith
Pray 5 times a day
Fast during Ramadan 
Pilgrimage to Mecca 
Give to poor
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17
Q

Merovingian dynasty

A

Original Frankish dynasty (French)
Mayors of palace controlled military finances religion
Mayor of palace was hereditary (primogeniture or given to oldest)
Peppin took power and turned it into carolingian dynasty
Charlemagne took power after

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18
Q

Chelderic

A

Last Merovingian king

Removed by Peppin

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19
Q

Charlemagne

A

Wanted to expand its territory to Rome
Ran administrative system (counts and missi Dominici)
Counts would rotate countries every three years (avoid connections)
Missi domici gave the order of the king to the counts
Christian ruler

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20
Q

Disintegration of the Carolingian empire

A 
Louis pious was after Charlemagne
He focused in religion 
He divided the empire into three for his three sons (Treaty of Verdun)
Charles, Louis, Lothair
Lothair got Rome so they fight him
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21
Q

Feudalism cause

A

Invasions from the north (Vikings) and from the south (Muslims)

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22
Q

Feudal contract

A

Counts or lords would hire knights (upper class)
Commitment was called a vassalage
They were rewarded with land (fief)
Knights had serfs beneath them. Relied on knights for defence
Serfs gave labour services and had to pay tax (rent) and tithe (church tax)

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23
Q

Predicament of serfs

A

Couldn’t save money because of taxes

Couldn’t leave because of Viking invasions

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24
Q

Feudal monarchy in France

A 
No more Carolingian kings
Capetians diminished power of the lord
Collapse carolingian institution 
Royal control centralized
Money was needed for war but nobility refused to pay taxes
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25
England 9th and 10th century
Divided between anglos and saxons Alfred the great created English monarchy uniting the two Modeled on carolingian empire
26
William of Normandy
Claimed right to throne in England | Established loyalty to the king by giving land to his knights and nobles
27
Strong national army in England run by Henry I
Henry I : Lion of Justice Sheriffs (messengers of the law) Integrated into system of France (controlled Anjou, Normandy, Maine and Aquitane) System of writs (people get legal advice) Judicial reforms (especially with church) constitution of Clarendon (private’s lost religious titles before being tried in courts) seen as double punishment Thomas Beckett assasinated him
28
Taxation problems in England
Richard I participated in crusades and his death led to John taking power Nobles were tired of never ending taxes from crusades Magna Carta - nobles would be consulted about spending
29
France monarchy vs England monarchy
France is feudal monarchy | England is national monarchy
30
National monarchy in England
Magna Carta No free man judged by the crown King bound to laws Democratic
31
Edward I
Created parliament in 1300
32
Hundred Years’ War
French territory was help by English kings Dispute over the crown on France Phillips three sons ruled for short time and died Complications made a debate between whether Charles Valois or Edward III should inherit land
33
Results of 100 year war
``` France was richer and had 3x many men England had better tactics lighter armour. Pop French people were divided English monarchy gained popularity England won most battles ```
34
Joan of Arc
Rallied for ace Spoke to Charles VII that she had vision that he is king She was captured at Bordeaux and tried for heresy and burned
35
Consequences of 100 year war on France
``` More power to cornw Valois kings have new power Destroy burgundy (traitors) Expand territory Encourage industrial growth ```
36
Consequences of 100 year war in England
``` Developed parliament Exaspération of paying taxes Series of bad kings War of roses Civil war between two English families ```
37
War of roses
``` After 100 years war Aristocratic rebellion against Henry VI Lancaster vs York Ends with diplomacy Tudor dynasty created from marriage between two sides Growth as centralized monarchy ```
38
Issues with Christianity and the fixes
1) Church weekend by disintegration of Carolingian empire (no defence : Independence from political authority 2) Petrine doctrine only allowed bishops of Rome to be pope : pope chosen by cardinals 3) bishops could sell postions : bishops cannot be chosen by lay people 4) simony (selling church objects) : simony condemned 5) priests had wives and mistresses : celibacy
39
Religion in Germany
Otto I married widow of Lombard noble creating Holy Roman Empire Led by bishops
40
Controversy over lay investiture
King Henry IV kept naming bishops so the Pope Gregory VII excommunicated him He was forgiven but immediately did t again Compromise of worms: only church can name bishops
41
Great schism of the west
Clement V moved center of Christianity to Avignon Gregory moves papacy to Rome Urban VI chosen as pope. Was BS because he was Roman New pope clement VII was elected by Urban Didn’t want to leave Urban = Rome Clement = Avignon Couldn’t make any changes so Martin V was declared pope in the end
42
Religion in Italy
``` Church authority is affected Delay of reforms Pope wants more authority Papal States were in Italy since 756 Vatican becomes independent state in 1929 ```
43
Evolution for Spain
Visigoths displaced by Arabs | Spain becomes a caliphate (islamic)
44
Spanish unity
Wedding Dianne of Aragon and Isabelle of Castille | Push muslims out of Spain (reconquista)
45
Spanish Inquisition
Ferdinand creating unity | Targeted Jews to convert
46
Second agriculture revolution
Heavy wheeled plow Mill Three field crop rotation
47
Commercial revolution
Specialization | Revival of trade
48
Rennaissance
Greco Roman civ | Individual abilities
49
Age of discovery
Fantasy literature | Beyond medieval walls
50
Links to Far East
Ottoman Turks Economic Motive Religious Zeal Growth of centralized monarchies
51
Portuguese and Spanish Empire
``` God, Glory, Gold Portugal took lead Guns and seamen Colombus explored Spain Treaty of Tordesillas East goes to Portugal west goes to Spain ```
52
Conquest of indigenous communities
Spanish encomienda Conquistadores: permission to collect a tribute from natives and use them as labourers and protection of the natives, pay wages to the natives, supervise their ritual needs
53
Reformation
Humans improved themselves through school and bible Handbook of the Christian knight Philosophy of Christ
54
Erasmus
Dutch monk who advocated humanism
55
Church and religion before reformation
No spiritual leadership Money hungry Salvation was given out
56
Luther and reformation
Luther believed people were so sinful that church was bs To get into heaven you need faith Wanted accessible bible to read
57
95 theses
``` Issues by Luther Condemn indulgence Promotes printing Excommunication for him Edict of worms ```
58
Lutheranism
Support of the princes of saxony Peasants war Church in Germany become state supervised, new religious services marriage of ministers
59
Reformation in England
King Henry VIII wants to divorce Catherine of Argon Granted through ecclesiastical courts Daughter named Elizabeth
60
Act of supremacy
Archbishop changed a lot in churches Clergy able to marry Elimination of images Common book of prayers
61
Queen marry
She was married to Phillip a Spaniard and was catholic Made her very unpopular She burned protestants
62
Queen Elizabeth
Successor of Queen marry Protestant (leader of all Protestant nations) Encouraged piracy Phillip II invade England with Spanish Armada to protect Catholics (fail) She ruled for 16 years
63
Revolutionary politics in England under Charles II
Charles II passed test act. This inhibits Catholic from being involved in politics State was Protestant
64
Revolutionary politics in England under James II
James passed declaration of indulgence. Devout catholic He had a son Parliament asks William III to invade England to ensure a Protestant state
65
Glorious revolution England
``` Bill of rights guides rulers Parliament controlled: Milotary, taxes, laws, No decisions without parliament Freedom of speech, press, arms Constitutional monarchy Toleration act excludes Catholics ```
66
British colonie revolution ideology
John Locke Two treaties of govt State of equality and freedom Life liberty property
67
Act of settlement 1701
Monarchs or heirs couldn’t marry Catholics
68
American Revolution
Over taxation after 7 year war Declaration of Independence 1776 Assistance from French (treaty of Paris 1783) Embodied by enlightenment
69
Absolutism
Kings rule by divinity
70
Problems in France
``` Economic crisis Bad harvest Food shortages Govt finances down Called a meeting of estates generals ```
71
Louis XIV
Thought he was sun king. | Overall dickhead
72
Estates of France
``` First estate: clergy Second estate: nobility Robe: professionals Sword: ancestral nobility Third estate: everyone else (pay taxes too) ```

West Civ Final (2 decks)

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