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Unit 4 Cell Membrane > Notes > Flashcards

Notes Flashcards

1
Q

The cell membrane is the _______ into the cell, and must allow needed things such as nutrients into the cell without letting them escape

A

Gateway

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2
Q

True or false: all membranes in all organisms are made the same

A

True

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3
Q

The model of all membranes in all organisms are made the same is called the

A

Fluid Mosaic Model

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4
Q

In the Fluid Mosaic Model, a ____________ is a carbohydrate chain attached to the phospholipid

A

Glycolipid

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5
Q

In the fluid mosaic model, a ________ is a carbohydrate chain attached to a protein

A

Glycoprotein

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6
Q

A ___________ protein stabilize and give shape to the membrane

A

Perioheral

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7
Q

An _______ protein ( is a carrier protein) moves laterally, side to side

A

Integral

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8
Q

Fluid Mosaic model tells us the membrane consists of a double layer of _________ molecules

A

Phospholipid

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9
Q

The phospholipid double layer has a consistency of __________

A

Light oil/ oil ~ fluid

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10
Q

Proteins wholly (________) or partially (________) embedded in a phospholipid bilayer form a ________ pattern

A

Integral
Peripheral
Mosaic

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11
Q

_________ strung together in chains are attached to the cell membrane

A

Carbohydrates

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12
Q

Glycyl proteins and glycolipids are attached to the phospholipid by layer of the membrane they function as _________ for cell recognition. Meaning they help immune system identify which cells belong to body and which are invaders

A

Identification markers

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13
Q

All carbohydrates chains on a cell membrane are collectively called

A

Glycocalyx

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14
Q

What does selectively permeable mean

A

Means some items are allowed

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15
Q

The membrane is _________ ___________ to the molecules entering the cell while other molecules which can be the same size are not allowed to enter. The cell membrane can discriminate between different molecules that are the same size!

A

selectively permeable

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16
Q

How many types of proteins are there

A

5

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17
Q

Name the five types of proteins

A

Channel, carrier, cell recognition, receptor, enzymatic

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18
Q

What protein uses ATP to pump items in and out of the cell membrane

A

Carrier

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19
Q

Which protein is like a tunnel

A

Channel

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20
Q

Which protein recognizes the foreign and local things

A

Cell recognition

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21
Q

Which proteins has an example of Insulin, or a liver/muscle cell

A

Receptor

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22
Q

There are ______ general means by which substances can enter and exit cells

A

Three

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23
Q

One way of entering and exiting cells is called _________, an example of it are: lipid soluble molecules, water, and gases

A

Diffusion

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24
Q

Another way of entering and exiting cells is called _________ ___ ______, examples would be sugars and amino acids and ions

A

Transport by carriers

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25
Q

Another type of way to enter and exit cells, examples are macromolecules, which are proteins, and bacteria and viruses

A

Endocytosis and exocytosis

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26
Q

________ is a physical process that can be observed with any type of particle. A universal phenomenon

A

Diffusion

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27
Q

The law of diffusion is that particles move from the area of 1.______ concentration to the area of 2._______ concentration until equally distributed

A
  1. higher

2. lower

28
Q

Diffusion is a _______ process, which means no ATP is needed

A

passive

29
Q

The rate of diffusion is affected by the 1.__________ ________, which is the difference in concentration of the diffusing molecules between the two regions, the size and 2._______ of the molecules, and the 3.________

A
  1. Concentration gradient
  2. Shape
  3. Temperature
30
Q

Name the three ways of increasing the rate of diffusion

A

Increase the temperature, increase the concentration gradient, decrease the size of the diffusing molecules

31
Q

The properties of the cell membrane allow a few types of molecules to pass by diffusion: lipid soluble molecules like _________ and ________ can diffuse directly across because the membrane itself is made of lipids

A

Steroids and alcohol

32
Q

_______ diffuses readily across the membrane, even thought it is not lipid-soluble. It probably goes through charged, protein-lined pores in the membrane that will not let anything else but it through

A

Water

33
Q

The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane is a special case of diffusion called

A

Osmosis

34
Q

A ______ is a substance that is being dissolved in a solvent

A

Solute

35
Q

A _______ is a fluid which is used to dissolve a solute

A

Solvent

36
Q

A _______ is a homogeneous mixture created when solutes are dissolved in a solvent

A

Solution

37
Q

If salt is dissolving in water, identify the solute, solvent, and solution

A

The salt is the solute, water is the solvent, and when salt is the dissolved in the water then it will combine to be the solution

38
Q

__________ pressure is the pressure due to the flow of water from the area of greater concentration to the area of lesser concentration

A

Osmotic

39
Q

True or false, the greater the concentration difference across the membrane, the greater the osmotic pressure

A

True

40
Q

____________ pressure = pressure exerted due to the weight of the liquid

A

Hydrostatic

41
Q

____________ occurs when osmotic pressure is the same as hydrostatic pressure

A

Equilibrium

42
Q

It’s cellular systems, _______ can move easily across membranes, but other molecules can’t. Therefore it can only move and follow the law of diffusion, which is that it will move from where it is more concentrated to where it is less concentrated

A

Water

43
Q

A solution which has a lesser number of solute molecules per volume than the cell is called a

A

Hypotonic solution

44
Q

A solution which has the same number of solute molecules per volume of the cell is called a

A

Isotonic solution

45
Q

A solution which has a greater number of solute molecules per volume is called a

A

Hypertonic solution

46
Q

What solution has no net movement of water across the membrane, as well as equal number of solute molecules per unit volume

A

Isotonic

47
Q

Cells placed in this solution neither gain or lose water. One example is a 0.9% solution of NaCl is _______ to red blood cells

A

Isotonic

48
Q

What solution has a greater concentration of solute then the cell. If a cell is placed in the solution, water will leave the cell and the cell will shrivel up

A

Hypertonic

49
Q

When a hypertonic solution makes a cell shrivel up, it is called __________ in red blood cells

A

Crenation

50
Q

A solution which has a lesser concentration of solute in the cell contents is called a 

A

Hypotonic solution

51
Q

If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution water will enter the cell and it will ______ and maybe _________

A

Swell

Lyse

52
Q

Hypertonic solutions causes __________ shrinking of cell due to osmosis

A

Plasmolysis

53
Q

In hypertonic solutions with plant cells, the __________ _______ loses water, cell membrane shrinks and pulls away from the cell wall

A

Central vacuole

54
Q

Hypotonic solutions causes ________ ____________, against the rigid cell wall

A

Turgor pressure

55
Q

Turgor pressure occurs when 1._______ cells, placed in a hypotonic solution, admitting water. As water enters, pressure builds up inside the cell resulting in turgor pressure

A

Plant

56
Q

Turgor pressure important for plant cells to retain ______ positions. the cells have to be rigid to absorb sunlight for photosynthesis

A

Erect

57
Q

Transport by carriers utilizes _________ or ________ proteins in cell membrane to control passage of molecules in and out of the cell

A

Carrier or Channel

58
Q

Carrier proteins are __________, as they pass only one type of molecule each

A

Specific

59
Q

When transporting by carriers, molecules only pass along _____________ __________

A

Concentration gradient

60
Q

Does transport by carriers require ATP?

A

No

61
Q

Transport by carriers explains how lipid insoluble molecules like __________ and __________ cross the cell membrane

A

Glucose and amino acid

62
Q

True or False: Active Transport is a type of way for substances to get in and out of cells

A

True

63
Q

Active transport is performed by ________ proteins

A

Carrier

64
Q

Unlike transport by carrier, active transport needs ________(Atp)

A

Energy

65
Q

In active transport molecules move from an area of 1.________ concentration to an area of 2._______ concentration

A
  1. Lower

2. Higher

Unit 4 Cell Membrane (1 decks)

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