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West Civ > Notes > Flashcards

Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Neolithic Era

A

Domestication of plants and animals
Introduction of the barter system came from agricultural surplus
Best land had water presence, good climate, rich soil

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2
Q

Fertile Crescent

A

Mesopotamia Levant and Egypt

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3
Q

Mesopotamia water source and egypt water source

A

Mesopotamia Tigris and Euphrates

Egypt Nile

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4
Q

Mesopotamian list

A

Summerians , Babylonians, Assyrians, Neo-Babylonians, Persians

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5
Q

First writing system

A

Cuneiform

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6
Q

Hammurabi Law Code

A 
Eye for an eye 
Upper class was often favoured
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7
Q

What led to societies being patriarchal

A

Violence

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8
Q

What happened to the role of women and men during the rise of agriculture

A

Men roles became less important than women’s

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9
Q

Women in Mesopotamia

A

A fourth of the laws in the hammurabi law code were about them
Women contributed a dowry and we’re under their fathers authority

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10
Q

Women in Egypt

A

Egyptian women have more independence and respect

Queens legitimized kingship

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11
Q

The Phoenicians characteristics

A

Large on Trade

Phoenician alphabet composed of phonograms

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12
Q

Hebrews

A

Nomadic and only believe in one God

Push for a monarchy

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13
Q

How did the kingdom of Israel become 10 lost tribes

A

They refused to pay tribute to asSyria

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14
Q

Which of the 10 lost tribes remained independent

A

Kingdom of Judah

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15
Q

Persian religion

A

Zoroastrianism

Ethical dualism

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16
Q

Definition of pre-Hellenic

A

Pre Greek

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17
Q

Minoans

A

Peaceful civilization

Developed Linear A

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18
Q

Mycenaeans

A

Aggressive and expansionist
Created Linear B writing system
Develops trading system
Women had some rights

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19
Q

Justice system in archaic Greece

A

Kings were the source of justice and punishment was immediate

20
Q

Great military

A

Hoplites or foot soldiers could have been any man

Formation called Phalanx

21
Q

Greek colonization

A

Came due to lots of hunger and overpopulation

22
Q

Why was Athens able to reach a democracy

A

Only 7000 people fit the criteria for citizenship

23
Q

Democracy in Athens description

A

10 archons elected annually
Boulé 500 random citizens
Ecclesia debate for all citizens
Helie: judicial power

24
Q

Sparta

A

Build a military state upon the fear of being overthrown by the helots
Women owned businesses because men were in military
How to do a monarchy with two kings, 5 ephors (elected by people), council of 30 elders and an assembly for voting only

25
Q

Persian wars

A

Ionians rebelled against Persian invasion and ask Athenians for help
The Greeks beat the Persians

26
Q

Delian League

A

Body to fight conflict founded by Athens

27
Q

Peloponesian war

A

War between Sparta and Athens over hegemon ( The right to rule)
Spartans attacked on land
Athenians attacked by sea

28
Q

Consequences of Peloponnesian war

A

Greek powers severely weekend
King Philip of Macedonia invaded and took power
No more polis

29
Q

Alexander the great

A

Became king of Macedonia and Greece at 20 years old

Wanted to conquer the Persian empire

30
Q

The Hellenistic era/ Alexander’s conquests

A

Declare himself the Pharaoh of Egypt
Declared himself king of Persians
He went back to Babylon after his army committed mutiny
The hellenicstic Empire did not hold his one as Alexander did not have a successor and there was a decentralized system between former generals when he died

31
Q

Hellenic philosophy and different groups of thinkers

A

Focussed more on community

1) synics (did not want any part)
2) stoics (promote acceptance and public service)
3) epicureans (seek pleasure but not involvement)

32
Q

Roman civilization

A

Create a feeling of belonging for conquered citizens to create a large empire
Religion architecture military language etc were from Greece

33
Q

Roman monarchy

A

One king
Senate of 300 to advise king
Assembly of patricians only
No plebians

34
Q

Roman Republic

A

Senate of 300 members

Magistrates : two consuls elected annually and two tribunes

35
Q

Struggle of the orders

A

Plebeians wanted a place in society as they were military majority
They got: two tribunes, council of the plebs, access the law of 12 tables, intermarriage, all laws apply to everybody

36
Q

Roman conquest: The Punic wars

A

Phoenicians (Carthage) versus Rome

Room wins all three

37
Q

Punic war one

A

Dispute over Sicily

38
Q

Punic war two

A

Because Rome took Corsica and Sardinia without permission Hannibal lead the carthiginans through Spain to attack Rome

39
Q

Punic war three

A

Ron captured all Carthaginian men and destroyed the entire territory
Roman Senate gained more power and Rome acquired Asia Minor and Greece

40
Q

Impacts of the conquests on the Roman Republic

A

Too large of a population
Senate gained more power
Farm land got destroyed
Rich people profited off Latinfundas no longer being owned by farmers
Gracchi brothers tried to fix inequality and pissed off senators

41
Q

First triumvirate

A

Attempts to bring back older model where magistrate held the power

Ran by Crassus, Pompey , Julius Caesar. Caeser was dictator but was assassinated

42
Q

Second triumvirate

A

Mark Anthony, Octavian (Augustus), Leupidus

Battle of Actium ends Roman republic when Octavian defeats Anthony.

43
Q

Roman empire

A 
Led by Octavian (Augustus caeser)  —> Princeps Citivatis
Pax Romana  ( 5 good emperors over 100 years)
Attempt at constitutional monarchy
imperial beurocracy (inneficcient)
44
Q

Decline of Roman Empire

A

Military monarchy

Germanic tribes invading

45
Q

Diocletian and Constantine rule

A

Diocletian : create a tetrarchy with a very rigid economic and social system

Constantine: implement Christianity

46
Q

Theories for the fall of the western Roman empire

A 
Christianity
Decline of traditional values
Lead poisoning
Plague
Slavery
Dysfunctional government
Barbarian invasions
47
Q

Eastern Roman Empire

A

Survive despite the fall of the western empire

Constantinople was the capital

West Civ (2 decks)

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