Notes 1 Review Flashcards
Preparing For Exam 1
What is Thermodynamics?
The Science of Energy Conversion
The study of how energy transforms from one form to another
List All Possible Energy Transfer Catagories:
Work, Heat, Mass
There are no other categories for energy transfer
What is a System?
An object of interest ruthlessly isolated from the remaining cosmos
What are system surroundings?
Everything minus the system
What is a Closed System?
A system with a fixed quantity of mass within its boundary.
no mass transfer across its boundary
What is an Open system?
A well-defined volume with possible work, heat, and mass transfer across its boundary
What is an Adiabatic System?
A system that has no heat transfer with its surroundings
What is an isolated system?
A system that has no interactions with its surroundings at all
What are Thermodynamic Properties?
Charachteristics of a system with unambiguous (non-relative) values that can be quantified without knowing the history of the system (ie not time dependant).
What are the fundemental thermodynamic properties?
mass (m)
pressure (p)
tempurature (T)
Volume (̶V̶)
density (ρ)
What is pressure?
evenly distributed load over a given region
Force / Area [N/m^2]
What is tempurature?
A measure of heat energy in a given region
What is the conversion from Celcius to Kelvin?
Kelvin = Celcius + 273.15
Since 273.15 is const, any differential change in Kelvin is equal to the differential change in Celcius. That is going from 0 C to 10 C equivilates going from 273 K to 283 K
What is the difference between Heat and High Tempurature?
Heat could produce/maintain high temp. but they are not equal.
Boiling Water:
Heat must be continually added to boiling water to keep it boiling, but it doesn’t increase the temp. beyond 100 C until complete phase change.
Fire Syringe:
No heat is added during compression and yet temperature increases
What is volume?
The 3D spatial area an object inhabits
What is specific volume?
v = volume / mass
inverse of density
What is one thing in common of pressure, absolute temperature and specific volume? (excluding ideal gas law)
Always positive values.
What are extensive properties?
properties dependant on the quantity of matter
(mass, volume, ect)
What are intensive properties?
properties independant of the quantity of matter
(Temp., Density, ect)
When is a system at an equilibrium state?
If no property changes over time when the system is completly isolated from its surroundings
vaccum Cooler Test
If a system is not at equilibrium, at least one of its properties is ______________
not well defined
What is the equilibrium state statement?
For a given pure substance at equilibrium, TWO independant intensive properties are enough to determine ALL the other intensive properties- which is enough to determine the equilibrium state of the given pure substance
What is a pure substance?
Substance with uniform chemical composition
Doesn’t need to have identical microstructure
What characterizes dependant properties?
Two properties are said to be dependant only if when you know one of them, you immediately know the other of them.
pressure and temperature of boiling water are dependant since pressure_atm determines boiling point
What is a State Equation?
An equation that relates pressure, Temperature, and Volume of a pure substance
What is the Ideal Gas Law?
pressure * volume = mass * specific gas constant * temperature
Universal gas constant = specific gas constant / gas molar mass
What is a process?
a series of consecutive states
What is a convientient way to represent equilibrium states and processes?
Since 2 independant intensive properties determine 1 equilibrium state in a pure substance, we can graphically represent states and processes on a property 2D diagram. Each axis is a property.
A process would be reperesented as a curve on such a property diagram.
What is an isobaric process?
A process with constant pressure
What is an isothermal process?
A process with constant temperature
What is an isometric process?
A process with constant specific volume
What is an isentropic process?
A process with constant specific entropy
What is a cycle?
If after a series of processes, the system returns to its original state, these processes form a cycle. An equilibrium cycle can be reperesented as a closed line on a property diagram.
