Notes 1 Review

Question 1

What is Thermodynamics?

Answer 1

The Science of Energy Conversion

The study of how energy transforms from one form to another

Question 2

List All Possible Energy Transfer Catagories:

Answer 2

Work, Heat, Mass

There are no other categories for energy transfer

Question 3

What is a System?

Answer 3

An object of interest ruthlessly isolated from the remaining cosmos

Question 4

What are system surroundings?

Answer 4

Everything minus the system

Question 5

What is a Closed System?

Answer 5

A system with a fixed quantity of mass within its boundary.

no mass transfer across its boundary

Question 6

What is an Open system?

Answer 6

A well-defined volume with possible work, heat, and mass transfer across its boundary

Question 7

What is an Adiabatic System?

Answer 7

A system that has no heat transfer with its surroundings

Question 8

What is an isolated system?

Answer 8

A system that has no interactions with its surroundings at all

Question 9

What are Thermodynamic Properties?

Answer 9

Charachteristics of a system with unambiguous (non-relative) values that can be quantified without knowing the history of the system (ie not time dependant).

Question 10

What are the fundemental thermodynamic properties?

Answer 10

mass (m)
pressure (p)
tempurature (T)
Volume (̶V̶)
density (ρ)

Question 11

What is pressure?

Answer 11

evenly distributed load over a given region

Force / Area [N/m^2]

Question 12

What is tempurature?

Answer 12

A measure of heat energy in a given region

Question 13

What is the conversion from Celcius to Kelvin?

Answer 13

Kelvin = Celcius + 273.15

Since 273.15 is const, any differential change in Kelvin is equal to the differential change in Celcius. That is going from 0 C to 10 C equivilates going from 273 K to 283 K

Question 14

What is the difference between Heat and High Tempurature?

Answer 14

Heat could produce/maintain high temp. but they are not equal.

Boiling Water:
Heat must be continually added to boiling water to keep it boiling, but it doesn’t increase the temp. beyond 100 C until complete phase change.

Fire Syringe:

No heat is added during compression and yet temperature increases

Question 15

What is volume?

Answer 15

The 3D spatial area an object inhabits

Question 16

What is specific volume?

Answer 16

v = volume / mass
inverse of density

Question 17

What is one thing in common of pressure, absolute temperature and specific volume? (excluding ideal gas law)

Answer 17

Always positive values.

Question 18

What are extensive properties?

Answer 18

properties dependant on the quantity of matter
(mass, volume, ect)

Question 19

What are intensive properties?

Answer 19

properties independant of the quantity of matter
(Temp., Density, ect)

Question 20

When is a system at an equilibrium state?

Answer 20

If no property changes over time when the system is completly isolated from its surroundings

vaccum Cooler Test

Question 21

If a system is not at equilibrium, at least one of its properties is ______________

Answer 21

not well defined

Question 22

What is the equilibrium state statement?

Answer 22

For a given pure substance at equilibrium, TWO independant intensive properties are enough to determine ALL the other intensive properties- which is enough to determine the equilibrium state of the given pure substance

Question 23

What is a pure substance?

Answer 23

Substance with uniform chemical composition
Doesn’t need to have identical microstructure

Question 24

What characterizes dependant properties?

Answer 24

Two properties are said to be dependant only if when you know one of them, you immediately know the other of them.

pressure and temperature of boiling water are dependant since pressure_atm determines boiling point

Question 25

What is a State Equation?

Answer 25

An equation that relates pressure, Temperature, and Volume of a pure substance

Question 26

What is the Ideal Gas Law?

Answer 26

pressure * volume = mass * specific gas constant * temperature

Universal gas constant = specific gas constant / gas molar mass

Question 27

What is a process?

Answer 27

a series of consecutive states

Question 28

What is a convientient way to represent equilibrium states and processes?

Answer 28

Since 2 independant intensive properties determine 1 equilibrium state in a pure substance, we can graphically represent states and processes on a property 2D diagram. Each axis is a property.

A process would be reperesented as a curve on such a property diagram.

Question 29

What is an isobaric process?

Answer 29

A process with constant pressure

Question 30

What is an isothermal process?

Answer 30

A process with constant temperature

Question 31

What is an isometric process?

Answer 31

A process with constant specific volume

Question 32

What is an isentropic process?

Answer 32

A process with constant specific entropy

Question 33

What is a cycle?

Answer 33

If after a series of processes, the system returns to its original state, these processes form a cycle. An equilibrium cycle can be reperesented as a closed line on a property diagram.