Notes 01/08-01/15

Question 0

What are the 5 subfields of Anthropology?

Answer 0

1. Physical (biological) Anthropology
2. Linguistic Anthropology
3. Medical Anthropology
4. Applied Anthropology
5. Cultural Anthropology

Question 1

How many subfields of Anthropology are there?

Answer 1

5

Question 2

What is Physical Anthropology?

Answer 2

Attempts to understand what it means to be human from an evolutionary and biological perspective.

Question 3

What is Linguistic Anthropology?

Answer 3

Branch of Anthropology which is particularly concerned with language and how different sorts of communication are related to other aspects of culture.

Question 4

What is the difference between Signal and Symbol?

Answer 4

Signal: Understood by movement and everyone understand that.
Symbol: Understood by movement and sound.

Question 5

What is Medical Anthropology?

Answer 5

Study of biological and cultural factors that affect health, disease, and sickness.

Question 6

What is Applied Anthropology?

Answer 6

Application of anthropological knowledge, theory, and methods to the solution of specific society problems.

Question 7

What is Cultural Anthropology?

Answer 7

Study of contemporary cultures.
Ex: how does marriage work
The attempt to understand the general underlying patterns of all human cultures.
Ex: what is a like, what is different

Question 8

What is Culture?

Answer 8

• Rules, standards, and norms shared by members of a society
• Transmitted by learning
• Culture largely responsible for human behavior
- Can change Ex: Diet

Question 9

What is Society?

Answer 9

A group of people who occupy a specific locality, share common cultural traditions, and cooperate for their mural survival.

Question 10

What is Holism?

Answer 10

• Viewing a question from the broadest possible perspective

* Looking for multiple variables to explain the observed phenomenon

Question 11

What is System?

Answer 11

A group of interrelated and interdependent parts forming a whole.
Ex: Marriage -> Related to society, religion, economics, and family

Question 12

What is Comparative Approach?

Answer 12

Comparing similar things in different groups to look for similarities and different.

Question 13

What is Science?

Answer 13

An organized and specific way of asking and trying to answer questions about and understanding the natural world.

Question 14

What is New Archaeology?

Answer 14

A new approach advocated in the 1960s which argued for an explicit scientific framework of archaeological methods and theory, with hypotheses rigorously tested,

Question 15

What is Processual Archaeology?

Answer 15

An approach that stresses the dynamic relationship between social and economic aspects of culture and the environment as the basis for understanding the processes of culture change. Tends to emphasize the scientific method.

Question 16

What are the 4 periods?

Answer 16

1. Speculative period (late 15th- 1840)
2. Descriptive period (1840s- early 1900s)
3. Historical period (1910-1945)
4. Explanatory period (1945- present)

Question 17

What year was Speculative period?

Answer 17

Late 15th- 1840

Question 18

What is Speculative Period?

Answer 18

Basic perceptions of the world and how it works were undergoing fundamental changes.

Question 19

For Speculative Period how many main areas of inquiry were there and what were they?

Answer 19

4
And they were
1. Antiquarianism
2. Social philosophy
3. Earth science
4. Life science

Question 20

What is the difference between Old World and New World?

Answer 20

Old world- Africa, Asia, Europe

New world- North America

Question 21

What is Antiquarianism?

Answer 21

• Became very obsessed with finding items
• Families could just go in and look for stuff
• > Destroying about 80-90% of information

Question 22

What is Earth Science?

Answer 22

No longer saying “Created by God” but had science behind why something was what it was, or why it was there.

Question 23

What is Descriptive period?

Answer 23

Primary research interest was in the documentation of traits of different cultures via collection, classification, and description of cultural remains.

Question 24

What did Lewis Henry Morgan believe?

Answer 24

• All cultures were on the same path, just different points
• You can decide all societies into 3 groups
  1. Savagery
  2. Barbarism
  3. Civilization

Question 25

What is Historical period?

Answer 25

Continuation of descriptive studies but now also concerned with chronological order of archeology cultures.

Question 26

Who was Julian Stewart?

Answer 26

• Created Cultural Ecology

- > Studies how society works

Question 27

What is the difference between Diffusion and Diffusionism?

Answer 27

Diffusion- A process

Diffusionism- Barrow an item between two cultures

Question 28

What is Explanatory period?

Answer 28

This period demonstrates a maturation of anthropological archaeology with construction of workable models explaining cultural processes, research that emphasizes the experimental and far ranging topics of interest.