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AnatomyEx3-- GU > Notecards from Ross SG > Flashcards

Notecards from Ross SG Flashcards

1
Q

The renal arteries are located where in the body?

A

L1 transpyloric line

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2
Q

What surrounds the kidneys and why is it important?

A

Gerota’s fascia surrounds the kidneys and it is important because it doesn’t degrade. When we have a situation like pancreatits, the infection could spread to the kidneys and degrade them. Gerota’s fascia separates perinephric fat from paranephric fat—the fat in the front and back of the kidney.

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3
Q

Renal innervation is related to visceral afferents (conscious and unconscious sensations) to what dermatomes? What are the significant correlations in the body?

A

-Renal Colic PAIN (T12 to L2) can be felt under the ribs, above iliac crest, labia majora, scrotum and proximal anterior thigh

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4
Q

What are three common sites for constrictions and or kidney stones?

A
  1. Uteropelvic junction (UPJ) - near kidneys
  2. Pelvic inlet at the common iliac arteries
  3. Uterovesicular junction (UVJ) -at entrance to the bladder
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5
Q

What are adjacent retroperitoneal structures to the kidneys? (first start with recalling SADPUCKER= retroperitoneal)

A

sprarenal glands, aorta/ivc, duodenum (2nd and 3rd parts), pancreas (except tail), ureters, colon (ascending, descending), kidneys, esophagus, rectum

So adjacent = aorta/ivc, oancreas, duodenum, colon, esophagus

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6
Q

What is the difference between a male and female prostate?

A 
Male = curve at prostate
Female = no curve and shorter
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7
Q

The internal sphincter is innervated by what nerve? What type of muscle is it? And is it voluntary or involuntary control?

A

Smooth muscle under involuntary control

SNS contracts, PSNS relaxes (pudendal n.) OR inferior hypogastric plexus

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8
Q

What nerves are involved in the anal wink? What nerve is it?

A

S2-4, pudendal n.

Most of the roots = S4

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9
Q

Where do you do a pudendal nerve block?

A

medial to ischial tuberosity

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10
Q

What kind of muscle is the external sphincter made of and it is innervated by what nerve? Does it have voluntary or involuntary control?

A

Skeletal muscle and innervates by branches of the pudendal nerve.

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11
Q

How does an erection happen?

A

Under PSNS control- vasodilation of branches of internal pudendal arteries to corpus cavernosa and spongiosa

*Also pelvic splanchnic to inferior hypogastric PPI (POINT)

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12
Q

What happens if the internal pudendal arteries are damaged during a prostatectomy?

A

Male cannot get an erection

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13
Q

Sensation of the penis is via what nerves?

A

Via pudendal and perineal nerves (S2-S4)

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14
Q

The deep parts of the perineum are drained how?

A

Internal pudendal -> internal iliac -> aortic

DIIA

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15
Q

The superficial perineum and external genitalia are drained how?

A

superficial inguinal nodes -> deep inguinal nodes -> external iliac nodes

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16
Q

What two structures drain right to the periaortic lymph nodes?

A

Ovaries and testes

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17
Q

What two important areas does the perineum hold up?

A

Urogenital triangle and the anal triangle

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18
Q

Nerve innervation of the urogenital diaphragm?

A

pudendal nerve

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19
Q

Artery innervation of the urogenital diaphragm?

A

internal pudendal artery

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20
Q

The pelvic diaphragm is composed of the ________ and ________

A

levator ani and coccygeus

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21
Q

What three muscles are a part of the levator ani?

A

I Plan Poorly
Iliococcygeus m
Pubococcygeus m
Puborectalis m

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22
Q

This is a part of the levator ani and pulls the anorectal junction forward to keep the GI system closed at the rectal area, helping the anal sphincter muscles relax

A

Puborectalis m

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23
Q

This is a part of the levator ani and it arises from the ilium and the tendonous arch on the obturator internus muscle

A

ilicoccygeus m

24
Q

What does the levator ani hold up?

A

Levator ani AKA pelvic floor supports the rectum, bladder, and uterus.

Bypasses the vaginal canal and urethra

25
Q

Where is the ischorectal fossa and why is it important?

A

The ischiorectal fossa is a triangular area in between the pelvic diaphragm and the urogenital diaphragm. AKA Deep perineal space. Important because abscessed will form here due to decreased blood supply from anal area or genital area.

26
Q

What is significance of Perineal body?

A

The levator ani and perineal membrane come together to form the perineal body. This is the space between the vagina and the rectum. You don’t want to cut here when doing an epysiotomy

27
Q

What system do the external hemorrhoids come from?

A

Systemic venous system

28
Q

What system do internal hemorrhoids come from?

A

come from the portal veins

29
Q

Where is the pudendal nerve located?

A

Medial to the ischial tuberosity

30
Q

What dermatomes are responsible for skeletal mm in the perineum and pelvic floor including urethral and anal sphincters?

A

S2-S4

31
Q

Much of the somatic motor and sensory innervation is via the ____________

A

Pudendal nerve (S2 to S4)

32
Q

What are the true support structures of the uterus?

A

CUA

Cardinal, uterosacral and anterior pubocervical ligaments

33
Q

What happens when there is damage to the true support structures of the uterus?

A

typically childbirth can lead to prolapse of bladder and or uterus

34
Q

Where does intraperitoneal fluid/blood collect?

A

Rectouterine pouch or pouch of douglas

35
Q

Does the vesicovaginal space collect intraperitoneal fluid?

A

No its in between the vagina and the bladder

36
Q

The ovarian arteries come off of the _____

A

aorta

37
Q

The uterine and vaginal arteries come off of what arteries?

A

Internal iliac arteries

38
Q

The uterine and vaginal arteries are found within the?

A

broad ligament

39
Q

The fallopian tube is very vascular and supplied by what artery?

A

The ovarian artery

40
Q

What is the significance of the ectopic pregnancy?

A

The Fallopian tube is very vascular and is supplied by Ovarian art, This is why Ectopic pregnancy rupture carries high mortality because you are bleeding off of the aorta.

41
Q

What are the erectile tissues?

A

Corpus cavernosum, corpus spongiosum

42
Q

What is the support structure for the erectile tissues?

A

perineal membrane

43
Q

What three layers comprise the superficial perineal membrane in the male?

A

Ischiocavernosus m, bulbospongiosus m, superficial transverse perineal muscle

44
Q

In males, the ___________ pouch is where intraperitoneal blood will collect.

A

Rectovesicular

45
Q

What are the four parts of the male urethra?

A
  1. Preprostatic
  2. Prostatic
  3. Membranous
  4. Spongy
46
Q

A majority of prostate cancers are in the ________ zone whereas BPH occurs in the ________ zone

A

peripheral, transitional (periurethral)

47
Q

What are the spermatic cord contents?

A

Ductus deferens, panpiniform plexus, genitofemoral n

48
Q

Genitofemoral nerve is responsible for what?

A

Cremasteric reflex

49
Q

The sympathetic and visceral afferent of the spermatic cord goes through the…

A

Superficial and deep inguinal rings

50
Q

What is the heat exchanger of the spermatic cord?

A

Pampiniform plexus

51
Q

What are the sensory and motor components of the cremasteric reflex?

A

Cremasteric reflex involves stroking on the inner thigh Ilioinguinal n. L1 (sensory afferents) to Spinal Cord to Genitofemoral n. L1-L2 (motor) which causes the Cremasteric m to elevate Testes.

52
Q

The testicles are supplies by the _________ artery which comes off the what?

A

testicular artery and abdominal aorta- similar to the ovaries

53
Q

How is an erection stimulated?

A

PSNS from pelvic splanchnic n to inferior hypogastric plexus: stimulated erection

54
Q

How is ejaculation stimulated?

A

SNS form sacral splanchnic n to superior hypogastric plexus stimulates smooth muscle contractions, ejaculation

55
Q

What level of the vertebrae do the testes start at and how long does it take for them to descend?

A

Start at T10-12 and takes about 9 months

*go through the deep inguinal ring and then the superficial inguinal ring

56
Q

What is the retropubic space (space of rezius)?

A

Retropubic space is a potential avascular space located between the pubic symphysis and the urinary bladder. The retropubic space is a preperitoneal space, located behind the transversalis fascia and in front of peritoneum .[1]

57
Q

This fascia is a continuation of scarpa’s fascia and is superficial to the urogenital triangle that is continuous with anterior abdominal wall?

A

Colle’s Fascia

AnatomyEx3-- GU (2 decks)

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