Notecards Flashcards
Italian-born navigator who found fame when he landed in the americas(October 17, 1492)
Set sail on behalf of Spain on three ships: the niña, the pinta, and the Santa Mrrina
Originally sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean to find a water route to Asia
Thought he found the land that he sought and believed the America’s were an extension of china
Returned with riches and gold, encouraging future expiditions
Christopher Columbus
Italian member of a Portuguese expedition
Explored South America
Occasionally suggested that the expedition had found a “New World”
After an account of his 1497 expedition was published, a cartographer mistakenly thought that he led the expedition and before Columbus, so he named the “New World” America
America Vespucci
Commitment between Spain and Portugal in 1493
Created a Papal line of Democration, which divided the east of this line for Portugal and west for Spain
Affected colonization in Africa and South America
Treaty of Tordesillas
Spain’s tighby controlled empire in the new world
Mainly located in north and Central America
To deal with labor shortages, te Spanish developed a system of large manors(encomiendas) using Native American spaces under conquistadors
With the death of Native American slaves, spaniards began importing African slaves.
New Spain
Prevailing economic philosophy of the 1600s that held that colonies existed to serve the mother country
Founded on the belief that one nations gain was another’s loss
Each nations goal was to export more than it imported(duh)
Those who followed this theory believed economic activity should be regulated by the government
Mercantilism
Protestant success to England’s Queen Mary
Popular leader and the first woman to successfully hold the throne
Invested in English raids on the Spanish new world; Spain responded with the Spanish Armada
Established Protestantism in England
Encouraged business
1533-1603
Queen Elizabeth
What is an armada and why is it significant?
1588 fleet assembled by king Phillip II of Spain to invade England
Defeated by the skill of British military leaders and by rough seas during the assault
England’s victory over Spanish forces was one of the great achievements of queen Elizabeth I, as it established England as an emerging sea power
It’s defeat helped bring about the decline of the Spanish empire
Types of colonies in the new world
In a charter colony, colonists were essentially members of a corporation and electors, among the colonists controlled the government based on an agreed-upon charter.
A royal colony had a governor selected by England’s king
The over of served in the leadership role and chose additional, lower-ranking officers
Proprietary colonies were owned by individuals with direct responsibility to the king; each proprietor selected a governor, who served as the authority figure for the colony
English Puritanism
Movement by those who wished to reform the Church of England to be more in line with their ideology
Though long Henry VIII had set out to separate his own Church of England from papal authority, many Roman Catholic traditions and practices remained
Puritans rejected these Roman Catholic holdovers and sought to make the English church “pure”
Puritans held Calvinists beliefs, such as a predestination and the authority of scripture over papal authority
Puritanism echoed throughout American culture in the ideas of self-reliance, moral fortitude, and an emphasis on intellectualism
What is the joint stock company?
A type of business structure used by some colonial explorers to raise money for their expeditions
These private trading companies sold shades to investors who provided start-up funding
In return for taking on the risk of the investment, investors were paid based on the profits of the expedition
Many modern business structures, such as the American corporation, are founded on these principles
The joint-stock company that ran the colonies in fort orange and in new Amsterdam, Which later became New York
Carried on a profitable fur trade with the Native American Iroquois
Instituted the Larson system in which large estates were given were given to wealthy men who transported at least 50 families to new Netherland to tend the land(although few seized the opportunity).
Dutch west India company
1587- selected Roanoke island as a site for the first English settlements turned to England
Returned I England to secure additional supplies, but the colony deserted upon his return; it is not known what became of the Roanoke settlers
Raleigh Abandoned His attempts to colonize Virginia after the failure at Roanoke
Held back by a lack of financial resources and the war with Spain, English colonization in America was impeded for 15 years.
Sir Walter Raleigh
At. Augustine, Florida
1598- French Protestants(Huguenots) went to the new world to freely practice their religion, and they items a colony in this modern-day city
Spain, which oversaw Florida, reacted violently to the Huguenots because they were trespassers and because they were viewed as heretics by the Catholic Church
Spain sent a force to the settlement and massacred the fort’s inhabitants
The settlement here is considered to be the first permanent European settlement in what would become the U.S.
Jamestown
Established in 1607- it was named for James I(1566-1625), queen Elizabeth’s successor in England
James I granted charters for charter colonies in the new world
In 1607, the Virginia company of London settled this site that claims it was the first permanent English settlement
Swampy location led to disease and contaminated water sources
Despite its location and hostile relations with the NA, John smith’s harsh charismatic leadership of the colony helped keep it from collapsing
In 1619, African Slavs arrived here, becoming the first group of slaves to reach a British settlement
From 1609-1610, this was a period of starvation endured by the Jamestown colonists
The colonists depended upon trade from the local NA for their food supplies
A series of conflicts between the colonists and NA limited the colonists’ ability to trade for supplies and to farm their own food
A large number of colonists died and others tried to sail to England however boats arriving with supplies from England intercepted the colonists forced them to return to jamestown
Additional support from England, the development of new industries, and the creation of new trade partnerships helped ensure the settlement’s long term survival
The starving time
Indentured servitude
Poor workers, convicted criminals, and debtors received immigration passage and fees in return for a number of years at labor on behalf of a planter or company
Servants entered into their contracts voluntarily and kept some legal rights
However, servants had little I from over the conditions of their work and living arrangements and the system led to harsh and brutal treatment
It remained the predominant system of labor until the 1670s, bacon’s rebellion made the practice seem more risky to planters and owners, and improving economic conditions in England decreased the supply of servants
Many owners relied on slave labor instead
John Rolfe
English colonist in Jamestown, VA
married Pocahontas
Created process for cured tobacco, ensuring economic success for Jamestown
First Representative house in Virginia
Election to a seat was limited to voting members of the charter colony which at first was all free men, later rules required that a man own at least 50 acres of land to vote
Instituted the private ownership of land but maintained the rights if colonists
House of burgesses
System used by Virginia company
Promised parcels of if you immigrated to America
Also gave nearly 50 acres for each servant that a colonist brought, allowing the wealthy to obtain large tracts of land
The system solidified the use of indentured servitude for the time being
Headright system
These were puritans who believed the church of England was beyond saving and felt that they must break away from it
One group suffered harassment from the government and fled to holland and then to America
Members of this group traveled on the mayflower and became known as the “pilgrims”, a term used for voyagers seeking to fulfill a religious mission
The mayflower set sail from Plymouth, England in September 1620 and landed in Provincetown harbor, settled in what became Plymouth, Massachusetts
Formed mayflower compact
William Bradford led them
Separatists and Plymouth
Joint-stock company chartered by a group of puritans escaping king James I
Led by John Winthrop who taught that the new colony should be a model of Christian society
These puritans carefully organized their venture and did not undergo a starving time
The government included a governor and a representative assembly
Massachusetts bay colony
First settlement there was Dutch, and was destroyed by NA attacks
The Dutch west India company and Dutchmen, including Peter Minuit, began to trade and settle in 1630s
Between 1664 and 1674 the power of this state switched to England
The first English ownership was in 1670
Delaware
This current state became the first proprietary colony to serve as a refuge for English Catholics
George Calvert(lord Baltimore) applied for the charter to create the province
His son, caecilius, helped establish a representative assembly
Passed act of toleration in 1649, guaranteeing religious freedom go all Christians in the colony and set an important precedent for later characterization of the u.s. and the constitution
Maryland
Claimed to have special revelations from God that superseded the bible, contrary to roman doctrine
New England leadership accused her of antinomian teachings, which is the belief that salvation is attained through faith and divine grace and not through strict adherence to rules or moral laws
Banished from Massachusetts bay colony
With her followers in 1638 she founded Portsmouth in what is now Rhode Island
Anne Hutchinson
