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note test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

primitive stage of psychology

A
  • spirits and visions of one’s own self
  • phenomena of nature= occurrences of good and evil spirits
  • god formed clans
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2
Q

early greek contributions

A
  • used analogies, not scientific investigation
  • attained high culture
  • philosophy, arts, and literature
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3
Q

plato

A
  • everyone’s soul is modeled after the city-state system
  • reason rules over desire
  • evil is caused by revolt of the lower elements against reason
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4
Q

aristotle

A

earliest greek closest to true scientist

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5
Q

medieval approach to truth finding

A
  • middle ages believed all truth and knowledge from bible
  • aristotle= source of information
  • galileo
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6
Q

galileo

A
  • disliked by greek philosophers/church
  • true scientist
  • true scientific investigation by discovery of telescope invention
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7
Q

renaissance era

A
  • when modern sciences began to develop
  • began with middle ages
  • Farncis Bacon= social psychologist
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8
Q

Francis Bacon

A
  • social psychology
  • advocated empirical/practical study of the influence of habit, friendship, education, praise, other factors of human behavior
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9
Q

Descartes mind-body theory

A
  • made more direct influence on psychological development
  • doubted all except the fact of his own existence
  • sharp division btwn physical world and mind
  • mind and body interact at pineal gland; located at the base of the brain
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10
Q

Descartes “I think therefore I am”

A
  • believed ideas were put into his mind by god

- didn’t trust his senses

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11
Q

Dewey

A
  • challenged Descartes

- concluded it was a drastic mistake to separate mind and body

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12
Q

Von Helmholtz

A
  • experimental physiologist

- measured speed of nerve impulses

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13
Q

speed of nerve impulses

A

200 mph

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14
Q

theory of color vision and musical tone

A

von helmholtz

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15
Q

psychophysics (fechner)

A
  • foundation for experimental psychology
  • primarily concerned/defined as study of determining the relationships btwn “physical characteristics of stimuli” and sensations they produce
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16
Q

fechner

A
  • mid 19th century

- father of psychophysics

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17
Q

sciences that contributed to the field of psycholgy

A 
physiology
biology
neurology
genetics
embryology
sociology
anthropology
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18
Q

psychology

A

science and the study of human behavior

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19
Q

first experimental laboratory in leipzig, germany

A

wilhelm wundt 1879

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20
Q

heredity x time x environment= development level

A

behavioral science

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21
Q

4 main schools of psychology

A 
structuralists
functionalists
behavioralists
gestalt
psychoanalysis
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22
Q

structuralists

A
  • wundt; science is the study of the conscious experience

- Titchener (student of Wundt) became leader of american psychology as prof at Cornall universtiy

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23
Q

functionalists

A
  • led by dewey in 1900
  • psychology: study of man’s adjustment to his environment
  • william james= first american born psychologist. wrote “the principles of psychology” aka “bible of psych”
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24
Q

behaviorists

A
  • watson and thorndike & pavlov
  • studied man’s overt behavior which they believed was determined by complex system of independent stimulus response connections
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25
Q

overt behavior

A

behavior visible to eye

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26
Q

gestalt

A
  • founded by Max Werteheimer, Kohler, and Koffka

- psychology should study patterns of behavior or experience

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27
Q

“whole is worth more than the sum of the parts”

A

gestalt psych

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28
Q

psychoanalysis

A
  • founded by freud
  • unconscious mental processes
  • early childhood experiences, unconscious motivation, psychosexual stages, structure of the personality
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29
Q

neoanalysts

A

psychodynamic therapists that examine man’s nature, spiritual crises

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30
Q

new schools of psychology

A
  1. stimulus-response psychology
  2. cognitive psychology
  3. humanities psychology
  4. new functionalists-based schools
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31
Q

stimulus response psychology

A
  • bf skinner
  • chiefly intersted in learning process
  • revised and expanded watson’s ideas
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32
Q

cognitive psychology

A
  • jean piaget

- concerned with the qualities that distinguish humans from other animals

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33
Q

humanities psychology

A
  • carl rogers; leader, sponsor of client-centered therapy

- abraham maslow; self actualization principle

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34
Q

new functionalists-based schools

A
  • francis galton; human abilities and individual differences

- will james; mental life, functions of mental life

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35
Q

building blocks of psyhcology

A

s-r

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36
Q

psychologists

A

look upon man as a organism made up of different parts which work together so they can meet demands made on them

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37
Q

psychology concerns itself with:

A

adjustive behavio by which man ttempts to meet these demands, whether they derive from biological needs or social origin

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38
Q

man functions as a whole person

A

organism as a whole in an environment as a whole

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39
Q

organs of adjustment:

A

organs of maintenance

organs of adjustment

40
Q

organs of maintenance

A
  • grouped in reference to whether they help and growth

- stomach, lungs, digestive glads, alimentary canals

41
Q

organs of adjustment

A
  • how many functions in the individual activities in the envt, as he overcomes obstacles to the satisfaction of his needs
  • enable the organism to carry on mating, food finding, working and thinking
  • brain, skeleton, muscles, glands
42
Q

circulatory

A

organ of adjustment and maintenace

43
Q

main interest of psychology

A

organs of adjustment

44
Q

receptos

A

receive the stimuli and set up nerve impulses in the sensory nerve fibers

45
Q

connectors

A

carry the impulses from the sensory nerve fibers to the CNS

46
Q

effectors

A

organism carrying out the response

47
Q

retina of the eye; neurons:

A
  • receiving mechanism

- connecting mechanism

48
Q

field study of method

A
  • oldest method
  • subjects are observed under their usual envt conditions without any attempt to control the conditions
  • often don’t know they’re being observed
49
Q

life history method

A
  • particular behavior forms are studied and traced back

- day book method: used most often in child study–child observed and recorded material is passed down about him

50
Q

clinical method

A
  • elaboration and extension of the daybook method

- examines past and present

51
Q

biographical method

A

attempt to attain psychological understanding from an analysis of the records of men’s lives as set by themselves or others

52
Q

survey method

A

must get representative sample, investigated by interviews and written questionnaires from select group

53
Q

experimental method

A

best kind and most preferred

54
Q

quantitative

A

prereq is measurement

55
Q

dimensions

A

that which can be measured and expressed in numerical terms

56
Q

dimensions in human classification:

A

age, rxn time, emotional stability, intelligence, auditory acuity

57
Q

psych tries to:

A

understand, predict, control

58
Q

objective observation

A

observing what a person does, not what they feel

59
Q

most basic operation in psych

A

observation

60
Q

introspection of introspective observation

A

the study of conscious experiences and the studying of one’s own thinking and feeling within the individual

61
Q

oldest scientific way to study ppl

A

experimental

62
Q

what does not fit in psych

A

application

63
Q

caused by over-activity in the adrenal cortex

A

virilism

64
Q

caused by an overactive thyroid gland

A

cretinism

65
Q

hormone

A

to excited

66
Q

animals are useful in psych because

A

strict experimental control

67
Q

concept of frued:

A
  • sex and conflict are powerful force and leads to disorganized personality
  • never a problem now, always on later
68
Q

variation in sexual impulses

A

attitude, physical make-up, envt

69
Q

early childhood

A

intense sexual curiosity

70
Q

generalized sexual urges for children

A

need to be nursed, feeding, process of elimination (pooping), childish masturbation

71
Q

characteristic of child sexuality

A

narcissism

72
Q

oral stage

A

birth to 8 months= sucking
8mo to 18 mo=biting
-biting=1st appearance of love and hate

73
Q

anal stage

A

18 mo to 3 yrs

  • erotic element
  • don’t rush into potty training
  • gives amount of psychological relief and physiological
74
Q

phallic stage

A

3-7yrs

  • childish masturbation
  • oedipus complex
  • electra complex
75
Q

latent period

A

4-12 yrs

repression of sexuality

76
Q

genital stage

A

12-21 yrs

  • voice chances, menstruation, sibling rivalry
  • love affairs; puppy love is most pure
  • love is narcissitic in nature
77
Q

last stage

A

final adjustment

78
Q

ppl choose jobs they like based on stages they’re stuck in

A

Oral: dentist, chef, nursing
Anal: waste management, custodial, urologist, swimmer, fireman, plumber
Phallic: model, exotic dancer, athletes, musicians, lawyers, teachers
Latent: accountant, long distance runners, writers, office jobs
Genital: OBGYN, matchmakers, artificial inseminators, breeders, surrogates

79
Q

significant role in behavior

A

bio

80
Q

endocrine glands

A
  • system of ductless glands; flow directly into bloodstream

- secrete lots of hormones and regulate body

81
Q

hypothalamus

A
  • control center for endocrine glands
  • emotions
  • lower brain
82
Q

pituitary gland

A
  • physical development
  • underside of brain
  • over secretion=dwarfism
83
Q

thyroid gland

A
  • both sides of adams apple
  • affects metabolism, intelligence, sex glands
  • thyroxin
  • hypothyroid: nervous system issues, metally retarded (cretinism)
84
Q

islets of langerhands

A
  • in the pancreas
  • Production of Insulin
  • Alpha cells: produce the glucose
  • Beta cells: produce the insulin
85
Q

sex glands

A

Gonads: secretion of hormones (human development), production of sperm and eggs, start secreting as a child

86
Q

adolescent

A

10-11 for girls
12-14 for boys
When sexual maturation occurs
No mature sperm or eggs until 4 years later

87
Q

puberty

A

When reproduction first becomes possible (adolescence can continue afterwards)

88
Q

end of adolescence

A

top level of strength and stature

89
Q

testicular androgens

A
  • masculine characteristics during adolescence

- behavior and development could change

90
Q

estrogen

A
  • replacement therapy (Side effect cervical cancer)

- promote growth in the reproductive organs, menstruation

91
Q

progesterone

A

Prepares uterine tissue to support the fetus

92
Q

adrenal gland

A
  • upper end of the kidneys
  • 2 glands, 2 parts (inner and outer core)
  • Adrenal Medulla: controlled by nervous system, produces adrenaline
  • Adrenal Cortex: secretes hormones that impact maturation (adrenal androgens), regulate adult sexual characteristics
93
Q

virilism

A

overaccenting of male sexual characteristics due to overproduction in the adrenal cortex–can occur in men and women

94
Q

enhancing self-concept

A

-People can impact this
-Heredity: Biologically transmitting elements (motor skills, intelligence, vision, hearing, appearance)
-Personality traits are learned
-Environment can modify your behavior
Maturation: physiological gradient: head–trunk–extremities

95
Q

!!!motor primacy

A

neuromuscular structures of your body must reach a minimum level of development before you are capable of responding to stimuli and stimulation

96
Q

individuation

A

individual movement, coordination, balance. mass movement at first (think of how babies move)

psych note test 1 (1 decks)

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