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Differential Diagnosis Test 1 > Note Set 1 > Flashcards

Note Set 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Differential Diagnosis

A

the distinguishing of a disease or condition from others presenting with similar signs and symptoms

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2
Q

ROWS

A

rule out worse case scenarios

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3
Q

What does the DDX process involve

A 
clinical signs and symptoms
physical examinations
knowledge of pathology
mechanisms of injury
provacative and motion tests
palpation
laboratory findings
diagnosis imaging
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4
Q

Common Bone Conditions

A 
Tumor - primary, metastatic
Osteochondrosis / Apophysitis
Fracture
Osteopenia / Osteoporosis
Osteomyelitis
Congenital Anomalies and Variants
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5
Q

Common Soft Tissue / Muscle Conditions

A 
Strain or Rupture
Trigger Points
Atrophy
Myositis Ossificans
Muscular Dystrophy
Rhabdomyositis (muscle breaks down, release myoglobin protein into blood)
Ligament: sprain / rupture
Bursa: bursitis
Fascia: myofascitis
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6
Q

Common Joint Conditions

A

Arthritis, OA, DDD
Subluxation / Fixation
Joint Mice
Dislocation / Subluxation (medical)

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7
Q

Acute Traumatic Pain look for:

A

rule out fx, dislocation, instability, neural and vascular injury

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8
Q

Nontraumatic Pain look for:

A

rule out tumors, inflammatory arthritis, infix, visceral referral

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9
Q

If traumatic:

A

what is the mechanism of injury

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10
Q

If overuse:

A

what is the repetitive motion and what is the positional status of the patient

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11
Q

If insidious:

A

are there systemic signs; fever, lymphadenopathy, multiple areas affected, local signs of inflammation, deformity, associated weakness, numbness, tingling, or neurologic dysfunction

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12
Q

Evaluation

A 
always examine the area of complaint
visualization
palpation
AROM, PROM, resisted ROM
Orthopedic and Neurologic Exam
Radiographs
Specialized Imaging
Laboratory 
Manage
Co-Manage
Emergent Referral
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13
Q

Orthopedic Exam

A

Reproduce Complaints
Reveal Laxity
Demonstrate Weakness
Demonstrate Restriction

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14
Q

Radiographs

A

decision to radiograph is based on relative risk
are there red flags
is the patient high risk or low risk
combine history, clinical presentation and history

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15
Q

Red Flag: > 6 weeks

A

tumor, infxn, rheumatologic disorder

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16
Q

Red Flag:

A

congenital defect, tumor, infxn, spondylolysis, spondylolisthesis

17
Q

Red Flag: > 50 yo

A

tumor, intra-abdominal processes (AAA) , infxn

18
Q

Red Flag: Major Trauma or Minor Trauma in Elderly

A

fx

19
Q

Red Flag: Cancer

A

tumor

20
Q

Red Flag: fever, chills, night sweats

A

tumor, infxn

21
Q

Red Flag: weight loss

A

tumor infxn

22
Q

Red Flag: injection drug use

A

infxn

23
Q

Red Flag: immunocompromised status

A

infxn

24
Q

Red Flag: recent genitourinary or gastrointestinal procedure

A

infxn

25
Q

Red Flag: night pain

A

tumor, infxn

26
Q

Red Flag: unremitting pain, even when supine

A

tumor, infxn, AAA, nephrolithiasis

27
Q

Red Flag: pain worsened by coughing, sitting, or Valsalva

A

herniated disc

28
Q

Red Flag: pain radiating below knee

A

herniated disc or nerve root compression below the L3 nerve root

29
Q

Red Flag: incontinence

A

cauda equina, spinal cord compression

30
Q

Red Flag: saddle anesthesia

A

cauda equina, spinal cord compression

31
Q

Red Flag: severe or rapidly progressive neurologic deficit

A

cauda equina, spinal cord compression

32
Q

WIRS

A

weakness
instability
restricted movement
surface complaints and pain

33
Q

Weakness

A

may be due to to pain inhibition, muscle strain or neurologic interuption

34
Q

Instability

A

maybe due to damaged ligaments, muscles, or inherent looseness

35
Q

Restricted Motion

A

due to pain, muscle spasm, soft tissue contracture, joint mice, fracture or soft tissue swelling/effusion

36
Q

Surface Complaints

A

skin lesions, cuts/abrasions, swelling, patient subjective sense of numbness or paresthesia

37
Q

Pain

A

pain is nonspecific; is it local or referred pain

38
Q

General Management

A

refer fx/dislocations, infxn and tumors for ortho mgmt
refer or co-manage rheumatoid and connective tissue disorder
instability without ligament rupture, stabilize the joint through exercise or brace
weakness - strengthen muscle
manipulation/mobilization for articular disfunction

Differential Diagnosis Test 1 (2 decks)

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