Note Cards Flashcards
(89 cards)
Which B vitamins main role is to transfer electrons to the ETC from metabolic intermediates to generate ATP?
Niacin
Which B vitamin is important for muscle function and why?
Thiamin - TTP (coenzyme) activates nerve pulses to send signals to muscle
Which B vitamin can be synthesized in the colon by bacteria? Therefore prolonged use of antibiotics can result in deficiency
Biotin
Is folate more available as folate from foods or folic acid from fortified? Why?
Folic acid in fortified foods is more bioavailable b/c only the monoglutamate form can be absorbed. Folic acid is already in monoglutamate form. Polyglutamate forms have to be hydrolyzed to the monoglutamate form.
What are the names of the compounds of Vitamin A? What is the main form we get from our diet? What form is used to make accutane?
- All trans retinol (hydroxyl) 2. Retinal (aldehyde) 3. Retinoic acid (carboxyl group) to accutane. 4. Retinyl ester * main form in diet from animal organs
Oral contraceptives can interfere with which two vitamin metabolisms?
Vitamin B6 and Folate
X Linked Dominant Inheritance examples? Affects which sex more? Who passes it on?
Rett Syndrome; affects brain development in girls. Affects female offspring more. Males can pass to daughters, not sons. Females can pass to sons or daughters.
Aplastic Anemia
Marrow failure - maintenance of micro and macros, Intake: maintain fluid and electrolytes, monitor calcium & vitamin D
Polycythemia
Increase in circulating RBC, very low or high erythopoietin. * increase dietary iron and avoid supplements
Thalassemia
Severe inherited anemia due to defective globin formation of hemoglobin. *Transfusions, Iron chelator
Hemolytic anemia
RBC destruction - trauma, inherited, hemorrhage. Supplement with iron, folate, protein
Sickle cell
Sickle cell shaped RBCs that get caught in capillaries and don’t carry oxygen well. Increased micronutrients, oral glutamine, maintain antioxidants, folate, and B12
Hemochromatosis
Build up of iron, education on non-heme and heme, avoid vitamin C and cast iron, little alcohol.
Sideroblastic anemia
B6 deficiency
Which form of vitamin E has widest natural distribution with ~50% greater bioavailable and potency than synthetic form?
D-a-tocopherol
Define glycemic load? (GL)
GI x grams of carbs; looks at whole meal rather than individual foods.
Which vitamin may exacerbate iron deficiency anemia?
Vitamin A may exacerbate iron deficiency anemia because retinoic acid (RA) stimulates synthesis of erythropoietin (EPO). EPO=hormone that promotes formation of RBCs.
What is gluconeogenesis?
Bioduction of glucose from non-carb substrates (lactate, alanine, glycerol).
Why is B12 deficiency a concern for vegetarians?
All b12 sources found naturally are from animal products - grains can be fortified.
The body recycles B12 via enterohepatic circulation, it takes a long time to deplete the body - so how/why does depletion occur?
B12 depletion typically occurs due to older age, low HCL, and low IF.
What are two vitamins that serve as exogenous antioxidant defenses?
Vitamin E and vitamin C. Vitamin C helps recycle vitamin E
Which co-enzyme associated with which B vitamin is involved in amino acid metabolism?
Coenzyme PLP - Vitamin B 6; RXNS transamination, deamination, decarboxylation, etc.
Non-heme iron is bound to food and must be released before absorption. What conditions help release iron from food?
- acidic environment (HCL) from gastric acid. 2. proteases from stomach + small intestine 3. orange juice (vitamin C)/vitamin C rich foods.
Selenium is a cofactor of some enzymes and plays a role in …..? List FXNs
As antioxidant, immune fxn, pancreatic fxn, DNA repair