Note Cards

Question 1

Significant Figures

Answer 1

Rules:
1. All non-zeros Are significant
2. Leading zeros are NOT significant
3. Middle zeros ARE significant
4. Trailing Zeros:
a) if decimal in the number = significant
b) if NOT decimal in the number = NOT Significant

Question 2

Math Rules for Sig Figs

Answer 2

1. When adding or subtracting:
   Round to the least # of decimal places given in the problems
2. Whe multiplying/dividing:
   Round to the least # of significant figures given in the problem
   *Only round at the END
   *Don’t Round percentages

Question 3

Chemical/Physical Change

Answer 3

Physical Change: A Change in appearance due to molecules rearranging (Temperature, Texture, Shape, and State)
Chemical Change: A change in composition due to atoms rearranging
Color, Produces Heat, Produces Gas/Odor, Produces Solid)

Question 4

T-Tables

Answer 4

1. Start with what you have
2. End with what you need
3. Use conversion factors to cancel units
   Solve By: (all of the multiples)/(all of the bottom)

Question 5

Atoms & Subatomic Particles

Answer 5

Atom: The basic building block of matter
IonL Atoms with a positive or negative charge
Isotopes: Atoms with different mass
Particle, Symbol, Mass, Charge
Proton: P+, 1, +1 Charge
Neutron: N, 1, O Charge
Electron: E-, 0, -1 Charge

Question 6

Modeling Electrons

Answer 6

Energy Levels = distance from the nucleus
Subshells = 3D shapes with energy levels
Orbitals = Groups within the subshell that can hold 2 electrons
Bohr Model: Energy Levels
Electron Configuration: Energy Levels and Subshells
Orbital Notation: Energy Levels, Subshells, and Orbitals

Question 7

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Answer 7

Wavelength: Length of a wave
Frequency: How often a wave passes a point
Photons: Packets of light energy
Wavelength = Long and short
Frequency = Low and high
Energy = Low and high
Ground to Excited: Absorbed Energy
Excited to Ground: Emits Energy

Question 8

Types of Bonds

Answer 8

Ionic: Metal & Non-Metal, transfer e’s, very strong, crystalline solids, very high melting/boiling pt., poor conductor unless in water
Covalent: Non-Metal & Non-Metal, share e’s, weak, gases or liquids, low melting/boiling pt., poor conductors
Metallic: Metal & Metal, sea of e’s, strong, solids, high melting/boiling pt, and high conductivity

Question 9

Naming Rules: Ionic

Answer 9

1st Element (Cation): Name
- If transition metal, add Roman numerals
2nd Element (Anion): Name +”ide” ending
- If polyatomic, don’t change the ending
Symbols:
*Net charge is neutral
*Ag+, Zn2+, Al3+ (Staricase)
*Simplest Ratio

Question 10

Naming Rules: Acids

Answer 10

1) If an acid is an element…
Hydro + Name of Element + “ic” ending + Acid
2) If an acid is polyatomic ending in “ate”…
Name of Ion + “ic” ending + acid
3) If an acid is polyatomic ending in “ite”…
Name of Ion + “ous” ending + acid
*Has to have an “h” in front of the symbol

Question 11

Naming Rules: Covalent

Answer 11

1st Element: Prefix (if>1 atom) + name
2nd Element: Prefix + name + “ide” ending
Prefixes:
1. Mono 2. Di 3. Tri 4. Tetra 5. Penta
6. Hexa 7. Hepta 8. Octa 9. Nona 10. Deca
Diatomics: H, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I