Note Cards

Question 1

Phonology

Answer 1

Study the ways in which phonetic sounds are used to create larger units of meaning

Question 2

Phonetics

Answer 2

Considers how individual speech sounds are produced and perceived

Question 3

What is the smallest unit of sound?

Answer 3

Phonemes

Question 4

How many phonemes are in the English Alphabet?

Answer 4

26

Question 5

What 2 ways can phonemes be written?

Answer 5

International Phonetic Alphabet and Graphemes /t/

Question 6

Order when classifying phonemes

Answer 6

Beginning, middle, and end phoneme

Question 7

What are two main prosodic features of language?

Answer 7

Pitch and stress

Question 8

What is pitch?

Answer 8

Difference in the frequency of vibrations of vocal cords (low/high)

Question 9

What is stress?

Answer 9

A difference in the force applied to an element of speech.

Question 10

What are two components of syllables?

Answer 10

Onset and Rime

Question 11

Onset

Answer 11

the phoneme that occurs at the beginning of a syllable. /b/ in bat

Question 12

Rime

Answer 12

Is the vowel and any consonant that follows the onset in a syllable
/at/ in bat

Question 13

How are vowels classifed?

Answer 13

High, mid, low

Front, Central, and back

Question 14

How are consonants classified?

Answer 14

Location in the vocal track.

Manner in which they are produced.

Voiced or unvoiced

Question 15

What are the 4 prosodic features of language?

Answer 15

pitch, tone, intonation, and stress

Question 16

Intonation

Answer 16

When pitch rises or falls over the course of a sentence

Question 17

Phonetic Interference

Answer 17

Refers to issues that arise when trying to learn the sound system in a new language.

Question 18

Morpheme

Answer 18

smallest meaningful unit in a language. (words or parts of words)

Question 19

Free/Independent Morpheme

Answer 19

can occur by itself (root word)

Question 20

Bound Morpheme

Answer 20

Can only occur in combination with one or more additional morpheme. (Prefix or suffix)

Question 21

Word Analysis

Answer 21

Breaking apart a complex word into its constituent morphemes in order to help students understand an unfamiliar word

Question 22

Affixes

Answer 22

Aka bound morpheme

Question 23

Inflectional affixes

Answer 23

May change the number, gender, case, or tense of the root word

Question 24

Derivational affixes

Answer 24

May change the meaning of the root word (happy to unhappy)

Question 25

Cognats

Answer 25

words that have common origins to other languages

Question 26

What are the 8 parts of speech?

Answer 26

Nouns, verbs, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, interjections, conjunctions

Question 27

conjunction

Answer 27

a word that connects other words, phrases, clausses, or sentences.

Question 28

Coordinating Conjunctions

Answer 28

Link together words or phrases (for, and, not, but, to, yet, and so)

Question 29

Correlative Conjunction

Answer 29

Appear in pairs and link words (whether or not)

Question 30

Subordinating conjunctions

Answer 30

join unequal parts of a sentence (when, because, before, if)

Question 31

Syntax

Answer 31

is the way in which words are combined in language to create phrases, clauses, and sentences

Question 32

What is the most common syntactic form of an English sentence?

Answer 32

Subject-verb-object

Question 33

Transitioning verbs

Answer 33

requires an object in order to constitute a complete thought

Question 34

Intransitive Verbs

Answer 34

does not require an object to constitute a complete thought

Question 35

Linking Verbs

Answer 35

does not indicate action. Instead connects the subject to a word (to be)

Question 36

Fininte Verbs

Answer 36

Verbs that are conjugated to agree with the subject

Question 37

Clause

Answer 37

A group of words with a subject and a predicate. When I saw him

Question 38

Independent Clause

Answer 38

is a clause that can stand alone.

Question 39

Simple sentence

Answer 39

a complete thought consisting of a subject and a predicate

Question 40

Compound Sentence

Answer 40

Consists of 2 or more independent clauses

Question 41

Complex Sentence

Answer 41

Consists of an independent clause and a dependent clause.

Question 42

Dependent Clause

Answer 42

Cannot stand alone as a sentence

Question 43

How are sentences classified?

Answer 43

by their syntax by their purpose

Question 44

Sentences that make a statement

Answer 44

Declarative Sentence

Question 45

Sentences that pose a question

Answer 45

interrogative sentences

Question 46

Sentences that give a command

Answer 46

Imperative Sentences

Question 47

Sentences that show excitement

Answer 47

Exclamatory Sentences

Question 48

Semantics

Answer 48

The study of meaning of words, phrases, and sentences

Question 49

Denotation

Answer 49

of a word is its most literal definition, the one listed in the dictionary. (semantics)

Question 50

Connotation

Answer 50

of a word is the association and emotions that a word evokes.

Question 51

Figurative Language

Answer 51

Conveys meaning different from the literal meaning. (Metaphors, similes, and idioms)

Question 52

Homographs

Answer 52

2 words spelled the same

Question 53

Homophones

Answer 53

2 words that sound the same but spelled differently

Question 54

Pragmatics

Answer 54

is the study of how meaning is affected by context

Question 55

Implication

Answer 55

Is the conclusion that can be drawn even though it isn't stated.

Question 56

Paul Grice's Cooperative Principle

Answer 56

His work focuses on how pragmatics function in language. How we rely on shared assumptions, background knowledge, and implied meaning to communicate more or more clearly than our stated words would allow.

Question 57

Pragmatic features of communication

Answer 57

are the non-linguistic factors that influence what and how effectively we communicate in a given language community. (eye contact, personal space, gestures)

Question 58

Speech Act Theory

Answer 58

Launched by John L austin in the 1970s. Made up of locution, illocution, perlocution, and pragmatic failure.

Question 59

Locution

Answer 59

What a person Says (Speech Act Theory)

Question 60

Illocution

Answer 60

What a person means (speech act theory)

Question 61

Perlocution

Answer 61

The effect the persons utterance has

Question 62

Pragmatic Failure

Answer 62

Occurs when a person fails to understand what is meant despite correctly understanding what was said.