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Marine Stuff That Isn't Fish > Not fish > Flashcards

Not fish Flashcards

0
Q

General features of crocodiles

A
  • sex determined by temperature
  • great sense of smell
  • drink saltwater
  • reach maturity by 10-16 years
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1
Q

General features and adaptations of reptiles.

A
  • An amnion
  • adaptations to excrete extra salt
  • advanced circulation through lungs
  • Ectotherms
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2
Q

General characteristics of Sea Turtles.

A
  • 7 species
  • shell fused to skeleton
  • front flippers for swimming
  • back limbs for steering/digging
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3
Q

What is a carapace?

A

A turtle sell

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4
Q

What is an ectotherm?

A

An organism that cannot regulate it’s own body temperature

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5
Q

What is an amnion?

A

A liquid filled sac developed by reptiles

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6
Q

Defining characteristics of Marine Iguanas

A
  • The only marine lizard

- only found in the Galápagos Islands

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7
Q

General features of Sea Snakes

A
  • 65 species of sea snakes
  • o2 absorption through trachea
  • extremely venomous skin
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8
Q

General features of seabirds

A
  • only includes penguins
  • densely packed feathers to trap air
  • salt glands over eyes to excrete excess salt
  • streamlined body for entering water
  • counter shading
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9
Q

What is a frigate bird?

A

A bird that steals food from other birds.

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10
Q

What are the closest ancestral relatives to marine birds?

A

Dinosaurs and crocodiles

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11
Q

General features of pinnipeds.

A
  • Elongated body
  • huge lungs
  • dense hair/blubber
  • homeothermic
  • fin shaped hind legs
  • spend most of the time in water
  • mammal stuff (placenta, mammary glands)
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12
Q

General features of polar bears

A
  • top predator in arctic
  • black skin to absorb sunlight
  • dense fur w/ underfur
  • mate on land
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13
Q

What is a keystone species?

A

A species where if they were to become extinct it could cause a trophic cascade.

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14
Q

What is a trophic cascade?

A

When one species cannot come through and fulfill their duty for their spot in a food chain, causing problems to occur.

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15
Q

Example of a trophic cascade

A

Orcas eat sea otters (keystone species), sea otters cannot eat sea urchins, sea urchins eat up all the kelp holdfasts, sea floor barren, or something like that.

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16
Q

General feature of Sirenians

A
  • cannot come to land
  • 2 groups: Dugongs and Manatees
  • strictly vegetarian
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17
Q

Characteristics of all pinnipeds:

A
  • 4 limbs -spend most of time in water
  • slow metabolism -feed on fish
  • 15-18 mph -10-30x more oxygen
  • come to shore to mate, birth, molt, and for protection
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18
Q

Defining features of Eared Seals (Otariidae)

-Sea Lions and fur seals (example: California seal)

A
  • visible external ears
  • more mobile on land
  • swim w/ front flippers
19
Q

Defining features of true seals (Phocidae)

Examples: crab eater seal, harbor seal, harp seal, elephant seal

A
  • no external ears
  • small front flippers
  • swim by moving rear flippers back and forth
  • form harems
20
Q

Defining features of Walruses (Odobenidae)

A
  • use all limbs to swim
  • lack external ears and neck
  • form harems -found in the arctic
  • eat fish, crustacean, molluscs, and echinoderms
21
Q

General features of Cetaceans (whales and dolphins)

A
  • streamlined -few fins -blubber
  • flukes for propulsion
  • nostril on top of head (blowhole)
  • nipple slits
  • countercurrent blood flow
22
Q

How do cetaceans (whales and dolphins) regulate their body temperature?

A

By increasing or decreasing the blood flow to their fins.

23
Q

What are some adaptations that cetaceans (whales and dolphins) have for deep diving?

A
  • can exchange up to 80-90% of o2
  • high red blood cell count
  • less sensitive to lactic acid
  • 10-30x more myoglobin in tissue
  • collapsible rib cage
  • can slow heart beat and cut off blood flow to non-important organs
  • nitrogen absorbing mucous
24
Q

Interesting whale behaviors

A
  • breaching
  • spy hopping (jumping out of water to look around)
  • slapping (slap tail on water to mark position)
25
Q

Whale breeding habits

A
  • Gestation of 7-17 months

- mate and give birth in the same place every year

26
Q

What is baleen?

A

A fibrous material made from keratin that hangs from the upper jaw of a whale to capture 10 tons of krill throughout the day.

27
Q

What is the order Mysticeti?

A

Baleen whales

28
Q

What is order Odontoceti ?

A

Toothed whales

29
Q

Defining features of the family Balaenidae

A
  • lack of a dorsal fin
  • no groove on throat
  • slow swimmers
  • stay near the surface
30
Q

Defining features of Family Rorquals (like the blue whale or humpback)

A
  • Have a dorsal fin
  • active, fast swimmers
  • eat schools of small fish
31
Q

What is the biggest whale?

A

The blue whale

32
Q

2nd biggest whale?

A

The fin whale.

33
Q

Characteristics of the humpback whale

A
  • really long pectoral fins
  • a coastal inhabitant
  • move slowly, 2-5 mph
34
Q

Facts about whale milk

A

Has about 10x as much fat more than a cow

35
Q

Facts about whales growing up

A

Juveniles can gain up to 200 lbs a day, calving takes place in warmer areas

36
Q

3rd largest whale

A

The sperm whale

37
Q

How many teeth do odontocetes (dolphins and porpoises) have?

A

100-200 identical and fused teeth

38
Q

How many teeth do sperm whales have?

A

Some on the lower jaw

39
Q

How many teeth do beaked whales have?

A

Only a few

40
Q

What is a narwhal’s tusk made out of?

A

It’s a very large tooth

41
Q

What is the spermaceti organ?

A

An organ inside whales that produces a high quality wax

42
Q

What is Ambergris?

A

A secretion from a whale’s digestive tract that can be used to make perfumes and wax

43
Q

Facts about beluga whales

A
  • Form small families
  • feed on crabs, cuttlefish
  • are eaten by polar bears and orcas
44
Q

Defining features of porpoises

A
  • smallish
  • stocky body
  • rounded head
45
Q

Defining features of dolphins

A
  • a defined beak
  • very abundant
  • feed on schooling fish
  • bottlenosed dolphins have a social structure w/ a hierarchy
46
Q

Defining features of Orcas

A
  • the largest dolphins
  • only dolphins that feed on warm-blooded creature
  • residents eat fish
  • transients eat marine mammals
  • can swim up to 30 mph

Marine Stuff That Isn't Fish (1 decks)

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