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Physics > not assessed paper 1 > Flashcards

not assessed paper 1 Flashcards

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AP® Physics flashcards Physics 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is internal energy?

A

the energy stored by the particles that make up a system - the total energy that its particles have in their kinetic and potential energy stores

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2
Q

what is latent heat?

A

the energy needed to change the state of a substance

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3
Q

what is specific latent heat?

A

the energy needed to change the state of 1kg of a substance without changing the temperature

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4
Q

what is the specific latent heat for changing between a solid and a liquid (melting or freezing) called?

A

the specific latent heat of fusion

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5
Q

what is the specific latent heat for changing between a liquid and a gas called?

A

the specific latent heat of vaporisation

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6
Q

what is the formula for specific latent heat?

A

energy = mass x specific latent heat

E = mL

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7
Q

what is the unit for specific latent heat?

A

J/kg

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8
Q

What is alternating current and give an example.

A

An electrical current where the current is constantly changing direction. It is used in mains electricity.

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9
Q

What is the voltage and frequency of the mains electricity current?

A

230 v

50 Hz

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10
Q

What is direct current and give an example.

A

Current that is always flowing in the same direction. Cells and batteries supply direct current.

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11
Q

in a series circuit is potential difference shared or kept the same

A

the total pd of the supply is shared between the various components. the potential differences round a series circuit always add up to equal the source pd

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12
Q

in a series circuit is current shared or kept the same?

A

kept the same - the same current flows through all components

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13
Q

what is the size of the current in a series circuit determined by

A

the total pd of the cells and the total resistance of the circuit i.e. I = V / R

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14
Q

how do you calculate the total resistance of two components in a series circuit?

A

by finding the sum of the two components - when you add a resistor in series the two resistors have to share the total pd

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15
Q

if you add more resistors in series does the current increase or decrease across them? why?

A

decrease - it means the pd across each resistor is lower, so the current through each resistor is also lower. In a series circuit, the current is the same everywhere so the total current in the circuit is reduced when a new resistor is added. This means the total resistance of the circuit increases.

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16
Q

what happens if more cells are connected the same way in a series circuit?

A

their potential differences add together

17
Q

in parallel circuits is the potential difference shared or kept the same across components?

A

kept the same - all components get the full source pd

18
Q

would identical bulbs connected in parallel be the same or different brightnesses?

A

the same

19
Q

in a parallel circuit is current kept the same or shared?

A

shared between branches

20
Q

what is the total current in a parallel circuit equal to?

A

the total of all the currents through the separate components

21
Q

does adding a resistor in parallel increase or reduce the total resistance

A

reduce

22
Q

if you have two resistors in parallel, is their total resistance more than or less than the resistance of the smallest component

A

less than

23
Q

what is alternating current produced by?

A

alternating voltages - voltages where the positive and negative ends keep alternating

24
Q

what is direct current created by?

A

direct voltage

25
Q

how many cables are most electrical appliances connected to the mains supply by?

A

three-core cables

26
Q

what colour is the neutral wire?

A

blue

27
Q

what is the purpose of the neutral wire?

A

the neutral wire completes the circuit - when the appliance is operating normally, current flows through the live and neutral wires. It is around 0 V.

28
Q

what colour is the live wire?

A

brown

29
Q

what is the purpose of the live wire?

A

the live wire provides the alternating potential difference (at about 230V) from the mains supply

30
Q

what colour is the earth wire?

A

green and yellow

31
Q

what is the purpose of the earth wire?

A

it is for protecting the wiring, and for safety - it stops the appliance casing from becoming live. It doesn’t usually carry a current - only when there’s a fault. It’s also at 0 V

32
Q

which wire can give you an electric shock?

A

the live wire

Physics (13 decks)

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