nosocomial infections Flashcards
what is nosocomial infectious?
Nosocomial infections, also called health-care-associated or hospital-acquired infections (HAI), are a subset of infectious diseases acquired in a health-care facility. To be considered nosocomial, the infection cannot be present at admission; rather, it must develop at least 48 hours after admission.
6 factors.
what are the risk factors in patients?
- weakened immunity
- age of the person
- non-compliance with the rules of infectious safety in the care of patients
- diagnostic and therapeutic manipulations
- overload of medical and preventive institutions, accumulation of pathogens
- adverse environmental conditions
who are the risk groups?
- patients, visitors and relatives caring for the seriously ill patients
- medical personnel, especially those who use reusable instruments, are contaminated with biological fluids and require all stages of cleaning, including pre-sterilization
what is HAI is charactrized by? explain.
Like any infectious disease, HAI is characterized by the development of an epidemic and infectious process.
The epidemic process is the process of spreading infectious diseases.
The infectious process determines the interaction of macro- and microorganisms that contributeشرکت کردن to the emergence of an infectious disease in various forms: acute حاد, chronic مزمن, latent خاموش, as well as carrier حامل .
definition of aseptics.
Asepsis is a set of prophylactic methods used to prevent infection during surgery or any other invasive تهاجمی medical procedure.
For this purpose, the following are used:
* organizational measures, allocate special regime zones
* disinfection and sterilization
what are the sources of infectious diseases?
- the hands of the staff
- intestines, genitourinary system, nasopharynx, skin, hair, oral cavity
- both patient and staff
- environment: personnel, dust, water, food
- tools
- equipment
what are HAI agents?
- bacteria (staphylococci, streptococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, etc.)
- viruses (hepatitis B, C, D, HIV, influenza viruses, etc.)
- protozoa (pneumocysts, cryptosporidia)
- fungi (candida, aspergillus).
transmission path of infectious diseases?
- Contact and household
- Airborne
- Air-dust
- Parenteral
definition of antiseptics?
Antisepsis represents all methods used to fight infection by destroying and inhibiting the development of infectious agents.
**The goal is to prevent the introduction of microorganisms into the patient’s body. **
what is the diffrence between aseptic and antiaseptic?
aseptic is a set of methods to prevent an infection disease before the person get infected; on the other hand the antiseptic represents all the methods used to prevent aninfection after getting infected by destroying and inhibbiting the HAI agent.
where are the social regime zones?
operating unit, intensive care unit, maternity rooms, manipulation and sterilization rooms.
what is the futures of working in special regime zones?
- limited admission
- dress code
- strict implementation of aseptic standards (pre-cleaning, current, final, general cleaning)
explain. pre cleaning?
The purpose of cleaning is to remove the dust that has settled overnight. Cleaning is carried out before starting work. First, the room is inspected to detect accidental contamination. Then wipe the dust with a cloth moistened with disinfectant solution, twice with an interval of 15 minutes from the surface of desks, appliances, window sills. Last of all, wipe the floor.
explain. current cleaning?
The goal is to eliminate any contamination of the room during working hours. The dressing material is disinfected before disposal by soaking in a disinfectant solution. Surfaces are wiped with a disinfectant twice with an interval of 15 minutes.
