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Health Assessment Exam 3 > Nose, Mouth, and Throat Assessments > Flashcards

Nose, Mouth, and Throat Assessments Flashcards

1
Q

turbinates

A

increase surface area so that more blood vessels and mucous membranes are available to warm, humidify, and filter inhaled air

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2
Q

meatus

A

the clef under each turbinate

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3
Q

middle meatus

A

sinus drainage

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4
Q

inferior meatus

A

where tears from the nasolacrimal duct drain

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5
Q

what are the two sinuses that are accessible to examination?

A

frontal and maxillary

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6
Q

paranasal sinuses

A
  • air filled pockets with in the cranium

- Function: lighten skull, resonate sound production, provide mucus

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7
Q

which sinuses are present at birth?

A

maxillary and ethmoid

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8
Q

what are the 4 paranasal sinuses?

A

maxillary, frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid

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9
Q

parotid gland

A
  • lies within the cheeks in front of the ear extending from the zygomatic arch down to the angle of the jaw
  • its duct, Stensen’s duct, runs forward to open on the buccal mucosa opposite the second molar
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10
Q

submandibular gland

A
  • size of a walnut
  • lies beneath the mandible at the angle of the jaw
  • Wharton’s duct runs up and forward to the floor of the mouth and opens at either side of the frenulum
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11
Q

sublingual gland

A
  • smallest
  • lies within the floor of the mouth under the tongue
  • has many small openings along the sublingual fold under the tongue
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12
Q

how many permanent teeth does an adult have

A

32

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13
Q

oropharynx

A

separated from the mouth by a fold of tissue on each side, the anterior tonsillar pillar

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14
Q

nasopharynx

A

continuous with the oropharynx although it is above the oropharynx and behind the nasal cavity
-pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) and the Eustachian tube openings are located here

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15
Q

infants and children’s nose, mouth and throat

A
  • salivation starts at 3 months, baby will drool for while before learning to swallow. this drooling does not herald the eruption of the first tooth
  • deciduous, temporary teeth erupt between 6 months and 24 months of age. all 20 should appear by 2.5 years old. start losing at 6 years of age.
  • teeth appear earlier in girls than boys and earlier in black children than white children
  • nose develops during adolescence
  • importance of fluoride (strong teeth)
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16
Q

Pregnant women’s nose, mouth and throat

A
  • nasal stuffiness from hormones
  • epistaxis (nose bleed) may occur as a result of increased vascularity
  • gums recede, may bleed
  • pregnancy gengivitis
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17
Q

older adults’ noses, mouths, and throats

A
  • dry mouth from medication
  • loss of taste
  • loss of teeth/use of dentures
  • malocclusion
  • loss of smell
  • gums recede
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18
Q

further problems of malocclusion

A
  • further tooth loss
  • muscle imbalance from a mandible and maxilla now out of alignment, which produces muscle spasms, tenderness of muscles of mastication, and chronic headaches
  • stress on the TMJ, leading to osteoarthritis, pain, and inability to fully open mouth
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19
Q

Bifid Uvula

A
  • uvula is split either completely or partially

- mainly seen in Asians and American Indians

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20
Q

cleft lip/palate

A

-most common in Asian americans and American indians

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21
Q

torus palatinus

A
  • benign bony ridge running in the middle of the hard palate
  • Asians
  • more common in women than men
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22
Q

leukoedema

A
  • milky bluish white opaque appearance of the buccal mucosa

- darkly pigmented people

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23
Q

Natal Teeth

A
  • babies born with teeth
  • rare
  • more common among American indians
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24
Q

Teeth of black people

A
  • experience less tooth decay than whites

- harder and denser tooth enamel which makes their teeth less susceptible to the organisms that cause caries

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25
Q

pallor of gums

A

shock, anemia

26
Q

cyanosis of gums

A

hypoxemia, chilling

27
Q

cherry red gums

A
  • carbon monoxide poisoning
  • acidosis from aspirin poisoning
  • ketoacidosis
28
Q

Trans illumination

A

no evidence to support this practice. many healthy sinuses normally will not trans illuminate

29
Q

how do you grade tonsils?

A

1+ Visible
2+ halfway between tonsillar pillars and uvula
3+ touching the uvula
4+ touching each other

30
Q

Rhinorrhea

A

nasal discharge that occurs with colds, allergies, sinus infections and trauma

31
Q

epistaxis

A

nose bleed

32
Q

deviated septum

A
  • may be caused by trauma

- may cause nares to be obstructed, breathing issues

33
Q

untreated strep throat can lead to what?

A

rheumatic fever

34
Q

hoarseness of the larynx has many causes such as…

A
  • overuse of voice
  • upper respiratory infection
  • chronic inflammation
  • lesions
  • neoplasm
35
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

-occurs with pharyngitis, gastroesophageal reflux diseas, stroke, esophageal cancer

36
Q

prolonged bottle use increases risk for what?

A
  • tooth decay and middle ear infections
37
Q

prolonged thumb sucking may affect…

A

occlusion

38
Q

bruxism

A

grinding of teeth, usually occurs during sleep

39
Q

xerostomia

A

dry mouth

40
Q

absence of a sniff indicates what in the nose?

A
  • holding one side and suck/blow

- indicated obstruction if no sniff occurs

41
Q

rhinitis

A

nasal mucosa is swollen and bright red with URI

42
Q

the gag reflex tests what?

A
  • cranial nerves IX and X
  • glossopharyngeal nerve- IX
  • vagus nerve - X
43
Q

by asking the patient to stick out their tongue what cranial nerve are you

A

crainial nerve XII - hypoglossal nerve

-should protrude in the midline

44
Q

halitosis

A

breath odor
-commonly caused by local causes such as poor oral hygiene, consumption of odoriferous foods, alcohol consumption, heavy smoking, dental infection

45
Q

a fine tremor of the tongue occurs with what?

A

hyperthyroidism

46
Q

a coarse tremor of the tongue occurs with what?

A

cerebral palsy and alcoholism

47
Q

with cranial nerve XII damage the tongue deviates…

A

toward the paralyzed side

48
Q

what occurs with the nose in infants experiencing respiratory distress?

A

nasal flaring

49
Q

Epstein pearls

A
  • a normal finding in newborns and infants.

- small, whitish, glistening, pearly papules along the median raphe of the hard palate and on the gums

50
Q

tetracycline can have what effects on infants?

A

yellowing teeth

51
Q

babies teeth can appear green or black due to what?

A

excessive iron ingestion, although this reverses when the iron is stopped

52
Q

ankyloglossia

A

short, lingual frenulum

-can limit protrusion and impair speech development

53
Q

perforated septum

A

hole in the septum

54
Q

furuncle

A

small boil located in the skin or mucous membrane inside nose
-appears red and swollen and is quite painful

55
Q

sinusitis

A

facial pain, after URI

56
Q

nasal polyp

A
  • smooth, pale gray nodules, which are overgrowths of mucosa

- commonly caused by chronic allergic rhinitis

57
Q

retention cyst (mucocele)

A
  • round, well defined, translucent nodule inside of mouth

- pocket of mucus that forms when a duct of a minor salivary gland ruptures

58
Q

leukoplakia

A

chalky white thick raised non removable patch caused by chronic irritation

59
Q

oral Kaposi sarcoma

A
  • bruiselike, dark red or violet, confluent macule, usually on hard palate
  • among the earliest lesions that develop with AIDS
60
Q

macroglossia

A

enlarged tongue

61
Q

black hairy tongue

A
  • fungal

- occurs after use of antibiotics

Health Assessment Exam 3 (4 decks)

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