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FINALS - Health Assessment > Nose and Sinuses > Flashcards

Nose and Sinuses Flashcards

1
Q

[True or False]

Food is better appreciated with smell.

A

True

The aroma of food enhances apetite.

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2
Q

How many different odors can the sense of smell sense?

A

2,000 - 4,000 different odors

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3
Q

When does the embryo develops an understanding of smell?

A

42 days of the life

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4
Q

How does an embryo become familair with the mother’s scent?

A

Amniotic fluid

The mother’s amniotic fluid passes through their nostrils and is captured by the scent receptors, they become familiar with their mother’s scent.

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5
Q

This process draws the molecules up to the smell receptors for analysis and is stored in our brains.

A

Sniffing

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6
Q

[True or False]

The brain can recreate distict smells, odors, or scents without an odor or stinulus.

A

True

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7
Q
A
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8
Q

Is a triangular projection of bone and cartilage situated midline on the face.

A

Nose

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9
Q

What is the first and only visible organ of the respiratory system?

A

Nose

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10
Q

It asists in respiration, olfaction, conditioning of inspired air and immune defense.

A

Nasal cavity

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11
Q

Enumerate the steps or passage of air during inspiration.

A

Nostrils (nares) -> Conchae -> Nasal cavity -> Trachea -> Lungs

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12
Q

This is where air is filtered, warmed and moistened before it moves toward the trachea and lungs.

A

Nasal Cavity

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13
Q

What special structure present in the respiratory tract that air is filtered through?

A

Cilia

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14
Q

True or False

The nose is consists of external and internal structure.

A

True

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15
Q

Is on the superior aspect of the nose, medial to each orbit of the eyes.

A

Bridge ofthe Nose

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16
Q

Is inferior to the bridge and free ofattachment to the face.

A

Tip of the Nose

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17
Q

The two oval external openings at the base of the nose.

A

Nares or Nostrils

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18
Q

What two structures surround the nares?

A

Columella and Alar cartilage

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19
Q

What is the continuation of the columella dividing the nose into the right and left sides?

A

Nasal septum

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20
Q

What is the medical term for nosebleeds?

A

Epistaxis

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21
Q

What is the vascular area on the nasal septum and common site of nosebleeds (epistaxis)?

A

Kiesselbach’s plexus

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22
Q

This structure helps clean and filter inspired air and has redder appearance than the oral mucosa.

A

Nasal mucosa

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23
Q

What structure of the nose add large amounts of water-inspired air through evaporation from its surface?

A

Nasal mucosa

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24
Q

These structures divide each side of the cavity and are rich in glands and have an abundant blood supply.

A

Conchae or Turbinates

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25
Q

What are the three conchae or turbinates?

A

Superior, middle and inferior

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26
Q

What are these bony projections, covered with nasal mucosa, add surface area for cleaning, moistening, and warming air entering the respiratory tract?

A

Conchae or Turbinates

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27
Q

What structure of the nose and sinuses traps fine dust particles?

A

Mucous covering

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28
Q

What structure of the nose and sinuses kill most of the bacteria?

A

Lysosomes

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29
Q

What structures of the nose collect and transport the mucus, bacteria, and the coarser particles (debris) to the pharynx to be swallowed or expectorated?

A

Tiny hairs of the nose

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30
Q

What are these tiny hair of the nose?

A

Cilia

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31
Q

What contains immunoglobulins and enzymes that defend against inflammation and infection?

A

Mucus

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32
Q

What comes after nasal cavity?

A

Nasopharynx

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33
Q

What form filaments that merge or connect to the olfactory nerve (cranial nerve I) and are responsiblefor the sense of smell?

A

Olfactory cells

34
Q

Where are olfactory cells located?

A

Nasal cavity

35
Q

True or False

Sense of smell is not necessary for human survival.

A

True

36
Q

True or False

Smell adds to nutrition by enhancing the pleasure and taste of food

A

True

37
Q

What are these mucous-lined, air-filled cavities surrounding the nasal cavity and perform the same air-processing functionsof filtration, moistening, and warming?

A

Paranasal sinuses

38
Q

What is the cause of an obstructed paranasal sinuses?

A

Inflammation or sinusitis

39
Q

What structures reduce weight of the skull and are resonant chambers that affect the quality of the voice?

A

Paranasal sinuses

40
Q

What are the different paranasal sinuses?

A

Sphenoid, Frontal, Ethmoid, and Maxillary

41
Q

What paranasal sinuses are accessible for examination?

A

Frontal and Maxilary

42
Q

What paranasal sinus located just below the brow?

A

Frontal

43
Q

What paranasal sinus is located on the cheekbone?

A

Maxillary

44
Q

What enables olfaction?

A

Nasal Cavity

45
Q

This helps identify sources of nearby danger or nutrition and influences mood and sexuality.

A

Olfaction

46
Q

What is the emotional-visceral part of the brain?

A

Limbic system

47
Q

True or False

Olfactory impressions are long-lasting and become part of the memories and emotions.

A

True

48
Q

Explain the Physiology of Smell

A

NC -> OR -> ON -> OB & T -> OC (FL) -> smell

49
Q

True of False

Sense of smell declines in older patients

A

True

50
Q

What is the other term for nose reshaping that are common among Caucasians and South Asians? It is also the most popular aesthetic enhancement among Filipinos.

A

Rhinoplasty or nose job

51
Q

What nasal disease is prevalent in Filipinos affecting 2 out of every 10 Filipinos?

A

Allergic rhinitis

52
Q

What is the medical term for itchy nose?

A

Nasal congestion

53
Q

True or False

Do not use a speculum unless a qualified practitioner is present.

A

True

54
Q

What is the appropriate position for Nose and Sinus Assessment?

A

Sitting, with the practitioner standing directly in front of the client

55
Q

Malar rash in nose is visible in clients with _______.

A

Systemic Lupus Erythemaosus

56
Q

Thickening and coarseness seen in _______.

A

Hypothyroidism

57
Q

Large bulbous nose with a coarse “orange skin” like apearance suggest a _________.

A

Rhinophyma deformity

58
Q

Horizontal nasal crease.

A

Allergic sallute sign

59
Q

Possible causes of Bloody drainage characteristics

A

Trauma, hypertension or bleeding diorders

60
Q

Possible causes of Clear, bilateral drainage characteristics

A

Allergic rhinitis

61
Q

Possible causes of Clear, unilateral drainage characteristics

A

May be spinal fluid as result of head trauma or fracture

62
Q

Possible causes of Clear, mucoid drainage characteristics

A

Nasal allergy, viral rhinitis

63
Q

Yellow or Green

A

Upper respiratory tract infection (viral or bacterial), stasis

64
Q

What is the internal nasal mucosa characteristics of client with inflammation from rhinitis or sinusitis which also suggest cocaine abuse?

A

Bright red mucosa

65
Q

What is the internal nasal mucosa characteristics of client with Herpes infection?

A

Clustered vesicles

66
Q

What is the internal nasal mucosa characteristics of client with Allergic or infectious disorder, epistaxis, head or nose trauma?

A

Copious or colored discharge

67
Q

What is the internal nasal mucosa characteristics of client with Previous epistaxis

A

Dried clustered blood

68
Q

What is the internal nasal mucosa characteristics of client with Allergic rhinitis

A

Pale or gray mucosa

69
Q

What is the internal nasal mucosa characteristics of client with Chronic infection, trauma, cocaine use

A

Ulcers or perforations

70
Q

What is the internal nasal mucosa characteristics of client with Allergies, irritation or chronic infection?

A

Polyps (elongated round projections)

71
Q

It is performed if a sinus infection is suspected or if tenderness is detected during palpation and percussion.

A

Transilluminate the sinuses

72
Q

What is the clasic maneuver in the evaluation of nasal valve collapse?

A

Cottle maneuver

73
Q

Where do you palpate for frontal sinuses?

A

Under the medial aspect of the brow ridge ( or below the superior orbital ridge)

74
Q

Where do you palpate for maxillary sinuses?

A

Under the zygomatic arch (cheekbone)

75
Q

The focus of this assessment is to determine whether there is tenderness.

A

Percussion

76
Q

What percussion method should be used in the sinuses?

A

Direct percussion

77
Q

What sound is elicited by the sinuses?

A

Resonant tone

78
Q

What is the sound/tone elicited of sinus cavity with chronic or acute sinusitis?

A

Dull tone

79
Q

[TRUE OR FALSE]

Percuss first before palpation in painful areas.

A

TRUE

80
Q

[TRUE OR FALSE]

Do not use scents that have lingering effects.

A

TRUE

FINALS - Health Assessment (2 decks)

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