Nose and Sinuses Flashcards
[True or False]
Food is better appreciated with smell.
True
The aroma of food enhances apetite.
How many different odors can the sense of smell sense?
2,000 - 4,000 different odors
When does the embryo develops an understanding of smell?
42 days of the life
How does an embryo become familair with the mother’s scent?
Amniotic fluid
The mother’s amniotic fluid passes through their nostrils and is captured by the scent receptors, they become familiar with their mother’s scent.
This process draws the molecules up to the smell receptors for analysis and is stored in our brains.
Sniffing
[True or False]
The brain can recreate distict smells, odors, or scents without an odor or stinulus.
True
Is a triangular projection of bone and cartilage situated midline on the face.
Nose
What is the first and only visible organ of the respiratory system?
Nose
It asists in respiration, olfaction, conditioning of inspired air and immune defense.
Nasal cavity
Enumerate the steps or passage of air during inspiration.
Nostrils (nares) -> Conchae -> Nasal cavity -> Trachea -> Lungs
This is where air is filtered, warmed and moistened before it moves toward the trachea and lungs.
Nasal Cavity
What special structure present in the respiratory tract that air is filtered through?
Cilia
True or False
The nose is consists of external and internal structure.
True
Is on the superior aspect of the nose, medial to each orbit of the eyes.
Bridge ofthe Nose
Is inferior to the bridge and free ofattachment to the face.
Tip of the Nose
The two oval external openings at the base of the nose.
Nares or Nostrils
What two structures surround the nares?
Columella and Alar cartilage
What is the continuation of the columella dividing the nose into the right and left sides?
Nasal septum
What is the medical term for nosebleeds?
Epistaxis
What is the vascular area on the nasal septum and common site of nosebleeds (epistaxis)?
Kiesselbach’s plexus
This structure helps clean and filter inspired air and has redder appearance than the oral mucosa.
Nasal mucosa
What structure of the nose add large amounts of water-inspired air through evaporation from its surface?
Nasal mucosa
These structures divide each side of the cavity and are rich in glands and have an abundant blood supply.
Conchae or Turbinates
What are the three conchae or turbinates?
Superior, middle and inferior
What are these bony projections, covered with nasal mucosa, add surface area for cleaning, moistening, and warming air entering the respiratory tract?
Conchae or Turbinates
What structure of the nose and sinuses traps fine dust particles?
Mucous covering
What structure of the nose and sinuses kill most of the bacteria?
Lysosomes
What structures of the nose collect and transport the mucus, bacteria, and the coarser particles (debris) to the pharynx to be swallowed or expectorated?
Tiny hairs of the nose
What are these tiny hair of the nose?
Cilia
What contains immunoglobulins and enzymes that defend against inflammation and infection?
Mucus
What comes after nasal cavity?
Nasopharynx
What form filaments that merge or connect to the olfactory nerve (cranial nerve I) and are responsiblefor the sense of smell?
Olfactory cells
Where are olfactory cells located?
Nasal cavity
True or False
Sense of smell is not necessary for human survival.
True
True or False
Smell adds to nutrition by enhancing the pleasure and taste of food
True
What are these mucous-lined, air-filled cavities surrounding the nasal cavity and perform the same air-processing functionsof filtration, moistening, and warming?
Paranasal sinuses
What is the cause of an obstructed paranasal sinuses?
Inflammation or sinusitis
What structures reduce weight of the skull and are resonant chambers that affect the quality of the voice?
Paranasal sinuses
What are the different paranasal sinuses?
Sphenoid, Frontal, Ethmoid, and Maxillary
What paranasal sinuses are accessible for examination?
Frontal and Maxilary
What paranasal sinus located just below the brow?
Frontal
What paranasal sinus is located on the cheekbone?
Maxillary
What enables olfaction?
Nasal Cavity
This helps identify sources of nearby danger or nutrition and influences mood and sexuality.
Olfaction
What is the emotional-visceral part of the brain?
Limbic system
True or False
Olfactory impressions are long-lasting and become part of the memories and emotions.
True
Explain the Physiology of Smell
NC -> OR -> ON -> OB & T -> OC (FL) -> smell
True of False
Sense of smell declines in older patients
True
What is the other term for nose reshaping that are common among Caucasians and South Asians? It is also the most popular aesthetic enhancement among Filipinos.
Rhinoplasty or nose job
What nasal disease is prevalent in Filipinos affecting 2 out of every 10 Filipinos?
Allergic rhinitis
What is the medical term for itchy nose?
Nasal congestion
True or False
Do not use a speculum unless a qualified practitioner is present.
True
What is the appropriate position for Nose and Sinus Assessment?
Sitting, with the practitioner standing directly in front of the client
Malar rash in nose is visible in clients with _______.
Systemic Lupus Erythemaosus
Thickening and coarseness seen in _______.
Hypothyroidism
Large bulbous nose with a coarse “orange skin” like apearance suggest a _________.
Rhinophyma deformity
Horizontal nasal crease.
Allergic sallute sign
Possible causes of Bloody drainage characteristics
Trauma, hypertension or bleeding diorders
Possible causes of Clear, bilateral drainage characteristics
Allergic rhinitis
Possible causes of Clear, unilateral drainage characteristics
May be spinal fluid as result of head trauma or fracture
Possible causes of Clear, mucoid drainage characteristics
Nasal allergy, viral rhinitis
Yellow or Green
Upper respiratory tract infection (viral or bacterial), stasis
What is the internal nasal mucosa characteristics of client with inflammation from rhinitis or sinusitis which also suggest cocaine abuse?
Bright red mucosa
What is the internal nasal mucosa characteristics of client with Herpes infection?
Clustered vesicles
What is the internal nasal mucosa characteristics of client with Allergic or infectious disorder, epistaxis, head or nose trauma?
Copious or colored discharge
What is the internal nasal mucosa characteristics of client with Previous epistaxis
Dried clustered blood
What is the internal nasal mucosa characteristics of client with Allergic rhinitis
Pale or gray mucosa
What is the internal nasal mucosa characteristics of client with Chronic infection, trauma, cocaine use
Ulcers or perforations
What is the internal nasal mucosa characteristics of client with Allergies, irritation or chronic infection?
Polyps (elongated round projections)
It is performed if a sinus infection is suspected or if tenderness is detected during palpation and percussion.
Transilluminate the sinuses
What is the clasic maneuver in the evaluation of nasal valve collapse?
Cottle maneuver
Where do you palpate for frontal sinuses?
Under the medial aspect of the brow ridge ( or below the superior orbital ridge)
Where do you palpate for maxillary sinuses?
Under the zygomatic arch (cheekbone)
The focus of this assessment is to determine whether there is tenderness.
Percussion
What percussion method should be used in the sinuses?
Direct percussion
What sound is elicited by the sinuses?
Resonant tone
What is the sound/tone elicited of sinus cavity with chronic or acute sinusitis?
Dull tone
[TRUE OR FALSE]
Percuss first before palpation in painful areas.
TRUE
[TRUE OR FALSE]
Do not use scents that have lingering effects.
TRUE
