Nose and Paranasal Sinus

Question 1

choanal atresia

Answer 1

back of nasal cavity is blocked by tissue or bone. important to screen neonates for this bc they’re obligate nose breathers

Question 2

turbinates and septum

Answer 2

allow laminar flow of air through nasal cavity

Question 3

mucosal lining

Answer 3

main area of humidification, provides reservoir of warm humid air

Question 4

key function of nasal cavity and importance for neonates

Answer 4

warming and humidifying inhaled air; particularly important for neonates bc they are obligate nose breathers

Question 5

first 1/3 of nasal cavity’s mucosal lining

Answer 5

made up of stratified squamous epithelium. this is where nasal hairs trap large particles

Question 6

posterior 2/3 of nasal cavity’s mucosal lining

Answer 6

made up of pseudostratified columnar epithelium. this is where cilia are present and goblet cells produce mucus

Question 7

characteristics of mucus produced by goblet cells

Answer 7

alkaline; contains lysozymes, IgE, IgA

Question 8

nasal cavity functions

Answer 8

1: smell; happens via olfactory nerve through cribriform plate and olfactory mucosa.
2: drainage of middle ear via eustachian tube.
3: drainage of paranasal sinuses and lacrimal duct (why nose runs when you cry).

Question 9

sinus functions

Answer 9

reservoir of warm humid air, lightens skull, crumple zones, vocal resonance

Question 10

roof, walls, and floor of internal nasal anatomy

Answer 10

Roof = skull base/cribriform plate. 
Walls = turbinates.
Floor = hard palate.

Question 11

associated structures of internal nasal anatomy

Answer 11

paranasal sinuses, orbits/ lamina papyracea, eustachian tube, adenoids (only present in childhood)

Question 12

nasal trauma considerations: broken nasal bones

Answer 12

easily moved back before healing

Question 13

nasal trauma considerations: broken/bent cartilage

Answer 13

cannot easily be unbent. Must wait until healed, then surgical intervention is required

Question 14

external nasal anatomy: general makeup

Answer 14

external nasal cavity is 1/3 bony (nasal bone, maxilla) and 2/3 cartilaginous

Question 15

external nasal subunits

Answer 15

columella, tip and supra tip, dorsum, nasion, glabella

Question 16

external nasal subunits: glabella fun facts

Answer 16

Glabella tap: when you tap someone between the eyes they blink.
Also Chinese water torture

Question 17

septum location

Answer 17

Midline to internal nasal cavity. Separates R and L nostrils and internal nasal cavities.

Question 18

septum makeup

Answer 18

Consists of bone and cartilage. Cartilage has poor blood supply (only supplied by mucosa overlaying it).

Question 19

cartilage to note

Answer 19

septal cartilage, vomer, perpendicular plate of ethmoid