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Spain > Northern Spain > Flashcards

Northern Spain Flashcards

1
Q

Where in Spain were located the first regulations to control production and trading ?

A

Ribeira del Duero 15th century

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2
Q

Who produced the first wine in the modern style in Rioja ?

A

Luciano (Marquès) de Murrieta in 1852 (back from his exile in Bordeaux)

Risqual, a little later

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3
Q

Creation of the Rioja Wine Exporters’ Syndicate (guaranteeing the authenticity in export markerts) ?

A

1907

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4
Q

Year of creation of the Consejo Regulador (regulatory council) ?

A

1926

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5
Q

Northern Spain pionneer who introduced stainless steel and temperature control into winemaking, after the Civil War ?

A

Miguel Torres

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6
Q

What is interesting about the cuvée Do Ferreiro’s Cepa Vellas in Rias Baixas ?

A

Made frome 200 years-old vineyard Albarino

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7
Q

What is interesting about the Pazo de Senorans Seleccion de Anada ?

A

Aged Albarino ; sold with a minimum of 30 months on lees

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8
Q

What is a synonym for the varietal Pardina ?

A

Albillo Mayor + Albilla + Torrontès Riojana

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9
Q

What is the traditionnal co-fermenting of white and red varietals in Northern Spain ? Why do this ?

A

Albillo Real & Tinto Fino

Technical advantage of fixing/stabilizing colour + floral, fruity aromatics to a red + raise acidity

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10
Q

Where can we find the fairly rare native varietals ‘Alcanon’ ?

A

Somontano DO

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11
Q

Where is Somontano DO ?

A
  • Aragon region (northwest of it)
  • North of Barcelona, at the bottom of the Pyrenées range
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12
Q

Where can we find the best expression of Godello ? Who makes it ? Which cuvée ?

A
  • Valdeorras
  • Godello is the main white variety of Bierzo

Best in Valdeorras, with Rafael Palacios cuvée O’Soro (his top wine)

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13
Q

White variety of Txakoli DO ?

A

Hondarribi Zuri

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14
Q

What is the synonym for variety ‘Arauxa’ ?

A

Tempranillo, in Galician

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15
Q

What is the synonym for variety ‘Bastardo’ ?

A

Trousseau

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16
Q

What is the blend for cuvée ‘Torre’s Reserva Real’ ?

A

Cab. S. + Cab F. + Merlot ; on licorella & slate soils ; 2010 won Decanter World Wine Award trophy in 2015 for the best red Bordeaux blend in the World

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17
Q

Who produce the grenache based cuvée ‘L’Ermita Velles Vinyes’ ?

A

Alvaro Palacios

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18
Q

What is Garnacha Tintorera ?

A

Not Garnacha at all, but rather is Alicante Bouschet, found in Castilla-La Mancha & Galicia

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19
Q

Is Graciano easy to grow ?

A

Not really, whereas the name ; growers dilsinking it and sayin ‘no, gracias’

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20
Q

What is the red variety for Txakolis of Basque country ?

A

Hondarribi Beltza, related to Cabernet Franc

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21
Q

Is ‘Pedral’ white or red ?

A

Red from Rias Baixas

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22
Q

The main soil type of Rias Baixas ?

A

Granit – the decomposed granite is known as ‘xabre’

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23
Q

Name the five sub-zones of Rias Baixas

A

Ribeiro do Ulla
Val do Salnés
Soutomaior
O Rosal
Condado de Tea

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24
Q

What is the minimum legal ageing in oak for the mention ‘Rias Baixas Bianco Barrica’ ?

A

3 months

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25
Q

Tradtionnal vine training system in Rias Baixas ?

A

Parral aka Pergola

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26
Q

Which sub-zone produce more Reds in Rias Baixas ?

A

Val do Salnès

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27
Q

Warmest sub-zone of Rias Baixas ?

A

Condado de Tea

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28
Q

Name some reputed estates of Rias Baixas ?

A

Granbazan
Martin Codax
Paco & Lola
Pazo de Senorans
Pedralonga
Zarate

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29
Q

What is the youngest DO of Galicia ?

A

Monterrei, 1994

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30
Q

In Northern Spain, what does ‘Tamega’ refers to ?

A

A river, the only Galician river that doesn’t finish in the Atlantic or the Mino – it flows into the Douro

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31
Q

True or False ? Monterrei is the warmest of the Galican DO’s ?

A

True

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32
Q

What are Bizcochos de Monforte ?

A

Traditional cakes found in Ribeira Sacra

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33
Q

In which spanish DO can we find these wineries :

Algueira
Dominio do Bibei
Envinate
Fedellos do Couto
Guimaro
Ponte da Boga
Rectoral de Amandi
Regina Viarum

A

Ribeira Sacra DO

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34
Q

What is a wine made in a ‘Tostado’ style ?

A

Vino tostado is a historic style, highly sought after by the English until their defeat of the Spanish Armada and gaining traction once again in the 19th century. Translating to “toasted wine” or “roasted wine,” vino tostado is a dried grape wine

Wine made from grapes hung up to raisin before fermenting. Used to be the main style produced in Ribeiro and exported to United Kingdom. When the war arrived, the English substituted Ribeiro for Port wine.

Tostado is a naturally sweet wine achieved by unforced drying of clusters of grapes in roofed and well-ventialted places for a maximum of three months.

The finished wine will be between 13-15% ABV, with residual sugar between 100-150 g/L. It spends a minimum of 180 days in oak or cherry-wood barrels, and 90 days in bottle.

It may be made from whites ; Albarino – Godello – Loureira – Torrontes – Treixadura

It may be made from reds ; Brancellao – Caino Bravo – Caino Longo – Caino Tinto – Ferron - Mencia - Souson

  • it is also produced in Valdeorras but at a lesser extend
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35
Q

What the word ‘colleiteiros’ refers to ?

A

Small harvesters / growers

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36
Q

What are the three rivers of Ribeiro DO ?

A

Mino + Arnoia + Avia

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37
Q

The main soil type of Ribeiro ?

A

Granit – the decomposed granite is known as ‘sabrego’

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38
Q

Name the three Txakoli DO’s ?

A

Bizkaia + Alava + Getaria

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39
Q

Soils of Bierzo well suited for Mencia ?

A

Slate

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40
Q

What is the wine style of Cigales DO ?

A
  • deep-coloured rosados are important
  • White, Red, Sparkling and sweet are also produced
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41
Q

What is the style of the ‘Dorados’ wines produced in Rueda DO ?

A

Traditional, oxidized wines aged by the solera method or in demi-johns

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42
Q

Where can we find the ‘Pintia’ project by Vega Sicilia ?

A

Toro DO

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43
Q

What is the largest wine region of Spain, and the third largest in Europe ?

A

VdlT Castilla y Léon

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44
Q

What is the style of wines produced in Ribera del Duero DO ?

A
  • Whites = Albillo Mayor (75% min)
  • Reds = Tempranillo (Tinto Fino) min. 75% + Cab S – Merlot.
  • Rosado = min 50% reds
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45
Q

What are the ageing categories of Ribera del Duero, and what are the minimum requirements ?

A

Roble/Barrica : Min 3mt oak

Crianza :
Blanco/Rosado/Clarete Min 18mt ; 6mt oak

Tinto Min 24 mt ; 12mt oak

Reserva :
Blanco/Rosado/Clarete Min 24mt ; 6mt oak

Tinto Min 36mt ; 12mt oak

Gran Reserva :
Blanco/Rosado/Clarete Min 48mt ; 6mt oak

Tinto Min 60mt ; 24mt oak

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46
Q

True or False ? Alion cuvée is 100% Tinto Fino.

A

True. Shorter ageing than Vega Sicilia & only french oaked used.

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47
Q

What is the difference between Pingus and Flor de Pingus ?

A

Pingus is Peter Sisseck’s single vineyard

Flor de Pingus is his village wine

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48
Q

Where can we find Emilio Moro winery ?

A

Ribera del Duero DO

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49
Q

What year is the earliest extant label of Vega Sicilia Unico ?

A

1915

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50
Q

What are the names of the cuvée made by Vega Sicilia ?

A

Valbuena 5 + Unico + Reserva Especial

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51
Q

What is the difference between Unico and Valbuena 5 (Vega Sicilia) ?

A

Unico = 80% Tinto Fino + Cabernet Sauvignon

Valbuena = Primarly Tinto Fino + Merlot

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52
Q

What is the style of Unico Reserva Especial (Vega Sicilia) ?

A

Tradition of blending across three vintages

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53
Q

Where can we find the project ‘Oremus’ by Vega Sicilia ?

A

Tokaji

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54
Q

What is the most common white varietals for White Rioja ?

A

Viura

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55
Q

Who is Artadi ?

A

Artadi dates back to 1985, fouded by a group of winegrowers keen to come together to make wines from Alava. Became a successful cooperative. At the end of 2015, they left the DOCa (Juan Carlos Lopez de Lacalle).

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56
Q

What is the Club Matador Manifesto ?

A

In November 2016, a group of leading wine producers, wine merchants and wine writers met at Madrid’s Club Matador to debate the need for full-scale renewal of the Spanish DO sytem, and to sign a Manifesto in defense of terroir.

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57
Q

What is a Tinaja ?

A

Traditional container for pressing and fermenting grapes. In earliest times carved out of the rocks, later made out of wood.

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58
Q

What is a Paraje ?

A

A specific plot or vineyard

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59
Q

What is a Socalcos ?

A
  • Walled vineyard terraces in Northern Spain
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60
Q

What is a Tina ?

A

Large Vat

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61
Q

What is Vino de Pago ?

A

Category induced in 2003 to define single estate wine. Has been criticized since then for the variable quality of the wines.

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62
Q

Name the four DO’s of Aragon ?

A

Calatayud DO
Campo de Borja DO
Carinena DO
Somontano DO

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63
Q

What is a ‘Vino de Aguja’ in Calatayud DO ?

A

Semi-Sparkling

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64
Q

What is the synonym to the grape Mazuela ?

A

Carinena

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65
Q

What are the DO’s of Basque Country / Pais Vasco ?

A

Arabako Txakolina / Chacoli de Alava DO

Bizkaiko Txakolina / Chacoli de Bizcaia DO

Getariako Txakolina / Chacoli de Guetaria DO

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66
Q

Name the DO’s of Castilla y Léon ?

A

Arlanza DO
Arribes DO
Bierzo DO
Cigales DO
Ribera del Duero DO
Rueda DO
León DO
Tierra del Vino de Zamora DO
Toro DO

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67
Q

Name the DO’s of Galicia ?

A

Monterrei DO
Rías Baixas DO
Ribeira Sacra DO
Ribeiro DO
Valdeorras DO

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68
Q

Minimum ageing for Vino Espumoso de Calidad in Rioja DOCa ?

A

Min. 15 months on the lees from the date of tirage prior to disgorgement

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69
Q

Minimum ageing for Vino Espumoso de Calidad Reserva in Rioja DOCa ?

A

Min. 24 months on the lees from the date of tirage prior to disgorgement

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70
Q

Minimum ageing for Vino Espumoso de Calidad Gran Añada in Rioja DOCa ?

A

Min 36 months on the lees from the date of tirage prior to disgorgement

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71
Q

Minimum ageing for Gran Reserva Tinto in Rioja DOCa ?

A

Min. 60 mt

Oak : 24 mt
Bottle : 24 mt

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72
Q

Minimum ageing for Reserva Tinto in Rioja DOCa ?

A

Min. 36mt

Oak : 12mt
Bottle : 6mt

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73
Q

Minimum ageing for Crianza Tinto in Rioja DOCa ?

A

Min. 24mt

Oak : 12mt
Bottle : 0

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74
Q

Minimum ageing for Gran Reserva Blanco/Rosado in Rioja DOCa ?

A

Min. 48 mt

Oak : 6 mt

+ remainder oak or bottle

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75
Q

Minimum ageing for Reserva Blanco/Rosado in Rioja DOCa ?

A

Min. 24 mt

Oak : 6mt

+ remainder in oak or bottle

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76
Q

Minimum ageing for Crianza Blanco/Rosado in Rioja DOCa ?

A

Min. 18 mt

Oak : 6mt

+ remainder in oak or bottle or steel

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77
Q

Vino Espumoso de Calidad (Rioja DOCa) - Is the transfer method approved for bottle sizes smaller than 750 ml and larger than 3 L ?

A

Yes

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78
Q

True or False ? Vino Espumoso de Calidad Gran Añada must come entirely from a single vintage, and state the vintage on the label.

A

True

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79
Q

Classic barrel size in Rioja

A

225 L.

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80
Q

What is a Lagar ?

A

Traditional container for pressing and fermenting grapes. In earliest times carved out of the rocks, later made out of wood.

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81
Q

What is a Pago ?

A

A Vineyard

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82
Q

Name 3 villages of Priorat ?

A

Morera de Montsant
Bellmunt del Priorat
Gratallops
Escaladei
Porrera
La Vilella Baixa
La Vilella Alta
El Lloar
Masos de Falset
Solanes del Molar
Torroja del Priorat
Poboleda

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83
Q

What wine styles are produced in Txakoli DO’s ?

A

White, red, rosé, vendimia tardia, espumoso

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84
Q

Where are Burgos, Segovia, Soria & Valladolid situated ?

A

Ribera del Duero DO

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85
Q

Wine styles produced in Rueda DO ?

A

White, sparkling, fortified

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86
Q

Which regional boundaries does Rioja DOCa overlap?

A

Basque County
Navarra
Castilla y Leòn
La Rioja

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87
Q

Minimum percentage of grapes from a designated Vino de Villa or Vino de Paraje ?

A

100 %

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88
Q

What does Roble mean on a wine label ?

A

The wine has matured in oak

Depending on the DOs, the minimum times differ. For example, in Calatayud DO, a wine may be labeled as Roble if it has been aged in oak (max. 600 liter capacity) for a min. 45 days (Blanco) or a min. 90 days (Tinto). As in Cariñena DO, wine must have been aged in oak (max. 600 liter capacity) for a min. 30 days (Blanco) or a min. 60 days (Tinto).

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89
Q

Authorized grapes for red Toro DO ?

A

Tinta de Toro + Garnacha

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90
Q

Garnacha Peluda’s synonym if France ?

Is it a sibling, a mutation or an offspring of Garnacha Tinta ?

A

Lledoner Pelut

A mutation.

Like Pinot Noir, Blanc, and Gris, Garnacha involves various color mutations (the red grape more precisely referred to as Garnacha Tinta), though technically all constitute a single variety. Garnacha Blanca (Grenache Blanc) is a significant contributor to Spanish whites and yields high-quality wines in Aragon and Catalonia. The pink-skinned variant, Garnacha Roja (Grenache Gris), is also grown, though it is less prevalent in Spain than in France. The red Garnacha Peluda (Garnatxa Peluda or Lladoner Pelut in Catalonia), another mutation of the same variety, features hairy undersides to its leaves and finds favor for its thicker skins and higher acidity as compared to Garnacha Tinta.

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91
Q

Rueda Dorado is made with which grape varieties ?

A

Palomino Fino + Verdejo

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92
Q

Is Pinot Noir autorised in Priorat ?

A

Yes

Along with Carinena, Garnatxa negre noir, Garnatxa Peluda, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Ull de Llebre (Tempranillo), Syrah, Merlot, Picapoll Negre (Puntxó Fort)

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93
Q

Wine styles produced in Priorat DOCa ?

A

White, rosé, red, Rancio, mistella, dulce natural

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94
Q

What does it mean ‘Vi de Finca’ ?

A

Single vineyard, independent of Vi de Vinya, 100% Sourced from designated parcel

95
Q

In Priorat, what does ‘Velles Vinyes’ refers to?

A

Vineyard designation given to vineyards planted prior to 1945 (75 years old vines).

96
Q

Priorat DOCa is situated within which DO ?

A

Montsant DO

While both Priorat and Montsant exist in the same county of Priorat (although Montsant spills slightly in to neighboring Ribera d’Ebre) they are completely separate, looking like an egg from overhead with Montsant the white and Priorat the yolk. You either produce in one or the other.

97
Q

Authorized grapes of Cava DO ?

A

Xarel-Lo (Pansa Blanca)
Parellada
Macabeo
Chardonnay
Malvasia

Pinot Noir
Monastrell
Garnatxa Negre
Trepat (used only for rosé)

98
Q

Minimum aging times on lees for Cava ?

A

9 mt

99
Q

Minimum aging times on lees for Cava Reserva ?

A

18 mt

100
Q

Minimum aging times on lees for Cava Gran Reserva ?

A

30 mt

101
Q

Minimum aging times on lees for Cava de Paraja Calificado ?

A

36 mt

102
Q

Name the 2 main rivers of Ribeira Sacra ?

A

Miño + Sil

103
Q

Most historical (and known for quality) sub-region of Ribeira Sacra ?

A

Amandi

104
Q

In Northern Spain, what does the term Summum mean ?

A

Wine produced with a minimum of 85% of principal grape varieties of Ribeira Sacra DO

Albariño, Godello, Treixadura, Loureira, Torrontés, Dona Branca, Mencía, Merenzao, Brancellao, Sousón, Caiño Tinto.

It can be a monovarietal wine.

105
Q

What is the 2nd wine of Pingus ?

A

Flor de Pingus

106
Q

What is the blend in Pingus ?

A

Tempranillo 100 %

107
Q

Who produces Viña Bosconia, Viña Cubillas & Viña Zaconia ?

A

Bodegas Lòpez de Heredia

108
Q

What plateau covers all of central Spain ?

A

Meseta Central

(average 600m. of altitude) Spain is 2nd rank in highest elevation vineyards in Europe.

109
Q

If you see those grapes, in which region are you ?

Whites : Dona Branca, Treixadura, Caíño Blanco, Loureira

Reds : Merenzao, Caíño Tinto, Sousón, Brancellao, Mouratón, Espadeiro

A

Galicia

110
Q

Would you say Godello is more like a Chablis or Viognier ?

A

Chablis

111
Q

True or False ? Mencia is really sensbile to vintage variations (it behave well or bad) ?

A

True

It will sing in great vintages and grumble in the tough ones.

112
Q

What have done Don Manuel Quintano in 1786

A

The oak barrel was first introduced to Rioja by him ; a Labastida-born priest and winemaker of noble ranks, who returned from two harvests in Bordeaux with a series of new winemaking practices.

Less than a century later, several of those techniques, particularly the maturation of wine in oak casks, were cemented into the new Rioja recipe as French influences reshaped the region at the onset of the phylloxera crisis.

113
Q

Why is there, traditonally speaking, a preference for American white oak in Rioja DOCa ?

A

Their longstanding transatlantic trade partnership.

The wines of Rioja have long been typified by aging in American oak barrels, partly due to Spain’s longstanding trade ties with North America, but also because these could be sourced more cheaply than expensive French barrels. Several Rioja wineries, particularly those in Haro, house cooperages on-site to either fashion new barrels or to repair their ancient casks, often nearing a century in age. The wines tend to be distinguished less by the flavors of American oak than they are with the oxidative effects of long-term aging in barrel. According to Rioja regulations, barrels must hold approximately 225 liters, the same as Bordeaux barriques. Many producers today have shifted toward newer European oaks and blends of French and American oak

114
Q

Is Alion cuvée aged primarly in American or French oak barrels ?

A

Entirely new French oak

115
Q

What is interesting about cuvée ‘Cosme Palacio y Hermanos Reserva Especial’ ?

A

A wine created by Michel Rolland (consultant at Bodegas Palacio during late 80s) that is thought of as the original vino de autor, or “author’s wine,” where the winemaker’s stamp is its defining character.

116
Q

Is winery Lopez de Heredia more in a restraint or long aging in oak barrels ?

A

No winery in Rioja, if not the whole of Spain, champions the practice of long-term aging in oak barrels like López de Heredia.

Even the Rosado spends years in barrel, the 2008 released just this year.

117
Q

How do you explain that some top wines are in the ‘cosecha’ category ?

A

These bodegas largely align with the same group of producers who rose to prominence in the 1990s, relying on shorter aging in new French oak. In most circumstances, their wines would at least qualify as crianza, if not reserva, but to their mind any label below gran reserva would prove a disservice in marketing these high quality, and highly priced, vinos de autor. Instead, they opt for the basic “cosecha” label, where the vintage is dated and nothing more.

Historically, the cosecha tier is vast, encompassing the most entry-level wines of a region. So, the inclusion of such trophy wines in the category muddies its definition. In Ribera del Duero, for example, roughly 60% of all wines carry the cosecha label. But, only around 6% of those represent icon wines such as AALTO, O. Fournier, and Pingus (although Peter Sisseck reportedly has a gran reserva wine in development).

118
Q

Is Tempranillo an early or late ripening varietal ?

A

Tempranillo means “little early one” (tempranillo is the diminutive of temprano, meaning “early”), a name given because it ripens about two weeks earlier than most Spanish red grapes.

119
Q

True or False ? Carinena/Mazuelo/Carignan varietal was born in Carinena DO in Aragon, Spain ?

A

True

120
Q

True or False ? Nowadays the region of Carinena DO has chosen Tempranillo as king.

A
  • False - Garnacha is king
  • Garnacha represent 27% and Tempranillo 22%
121
Q

What is a ‘Vine de Mesa’ ?

A

Vine de MEsa (or VdM) translating to ‘table wine’.

These wines can be blended from various areas of the country but by law will bear no region on the label, although they can list the address of the registered bottler or, if within an established DO, only the postal code. Since 2008, these wines have been allowed to state both vintage and variety

122
Q

What is the first Rias Baixas DO commercial winery ?

A

Palacio de Fefiñanes was Rías Baixas’ first commercial winery, founded in 1904, though the palace itself dates to the 17th century.

123
Q

True or False ? Rias Baixas DO was named Albarino DO at first.

A

The DO was not created until the 1980s, first called Albariño DO and later Rías Baixas DO upon Spain’s admission into the European Union, as varietal appellation names were forbidden by EU law.

124
Q

Why Albarino perform well in Rias Baixas DO ?

A

Disease pressure is lowered due to Albariño’s thick-skinned nature

And climate change has purportedly mitigated some of the appellation’s more extreme Atlantic influences in recent vintages

And much of the region is planted on decomposed granite, called xabre, with low water retention that serves the rainy environment well.

125
Q

What does the word ‘minifundias’ refers to ?

A

Small plots of vineyard

126
Q

True or False ? In Rias Baixas DO, a wine must be composed exclusively of Albariño to be varietally labeled.

A

True

While blended white wines are authorized and demonstrate high quality, the marketing advantages of listing Albariño on labels has inhibited the growth of white blends.

127
Q

What is the style of an entry-level Albarino from Rias Baixas Do ?

A

Producers will typically employ exclusively stainless steel before bottling, usually the spring after harvest. These wines are crisp, fruity, and meant for early consumption.

A step above will see a more textured Albariño with noted lees impact, from extended sur lie aging and possible bâtonnage.

Top Albariños will likely come from older vines and experience lees aging. They may be barrel fermented or aged. These will be the most structured and longest lived Albariños.

Some producers may also let their Albariño undergo full malolactic conversion.

128
Q

Who is Don Eloy Lecanda y Chaves ?

A

The first to recognize the potential of Ribera del Duero was Don Eloy Lecanda y Chaves, who founded in 1864 what would later be named Vega Sicilia, an estate many cite as the finest in Spain.

In that year, he brought all the traditional red grapes of Bordeaux as well as Pinot Noir to be planted alongside Tempranillo. Carmenère and Pinot Noir are no longer cultivated at Vega Sicilia, though Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and Malbec remain for various programs.

Vega Sicilia did not achieve instant success, but under the stewardship of cellar master Domingo Garramiola Txomin, who conceived the winery’s flagship Único, the estate began to demonstrate excellence.

129
Q

Who is Alejandro Fernández ?

A

In 1972, Alejandro Fernández established Tinto Pesquera, where he helped return focus to Tempranillo and produced acclaimed monovarietal renditions.

130
Q

What is the climate of Ribera del Duero DO ?

A

Ribera del Duero has one of the most extreme continental climates in Spain—its summers swelteringly hot, its winters icy cold.

Grapegrowing can prove challenging, with the risk of frost both in spring and near harvest threatening grapes that demand a long growing season.

Hail, too, is not uncommon. A small majority of Ribera del Duero is planted to bush vines, with trellising and mechanical harvesting more prevalent in flatter western areas.

131
Q

Aging requirement for Ribera del Duero DO - Crianza Tinto ?

A
  • Min. 24 mt
  • Min. 12 mt in oak
132
Q

Aging requirement for Ribera del Duero DO - Crianza Bianco & Rosado ?

A
  • Min. 18 mt
  • Min. 6 mt in oak
133
Q

Aging requirement for Ribera del Duero DO - Reserva Tinto ?

A

Min 36 mt

  • Min. 12 mt in oak
134
Q

Aging requirement for Ribera del Duero DO - Reserva Bianco & Rosado ?

A

Min. 24 mt

  • Min. 6 mt in oak
135
Q

Aging requirement for Ribera del Duero DO - Gran Reserva Tinto ?

A
  • Min 60 mt
  • Min. 24 mt in oak
136
Q

Aging requirement for Ribera del Duero DO - Gran Reserva Bianco & Rosado ?

A
  • Min 48 mt
  • Min. 6mt in oak
137
Q

Who is behind ‘Clos Mogador’ in Priorat DOCa ?

A

René Barbier

_ Clos Mogador is one fot he first Vi di Finca

138
Q

Explain ‘Vi de Finca’ of Priorat DOCa ?

A

Established in 2002, Vi de Finca recognizes specific growing zones and single vineyards. (Priorat’s first two Vi de Finca wines were Clos Mogador and Vall Llach’s Mas de la Rosa.)

139
Q

Explain ‘Vi de Paratje’ of Priorat DOCa ?

A

Similar to Burgundy’s lieux-dits, Vi de Paratge refers to wines from 459 named delimited zones.

140
Q

Explain ‘Vi de Vinya’ of Priorat DOCa ?

A
  • refer primarily to age and will essentially replicate Burgundian premier cru and grand cru tiers.
  • Vi de Vinya Classificada recognize single vineyards with minimum 20 years old vines
  • Vi de Gran Vinya Classificada identified minumum 35 years old vines
  • Velles Vinyes means vines were planted before 1945 or at least 75 years of age
141
Q

Explain ‘Vi de Vinya Classificada’ of Priorat DOCa ?

A

Vi de Vinya Classificada will recognize single vineyards with minimum 20-year-old vines

142
Q

Explain ‘Vi de Gran Vinya Classificadea’ of Priorat DOCa ?

A

Vi de Gran Vinya Classificada will identify minimum 35-year-old vines

143
Q

Explain ‘Vielles Vinyes’ of Priorat DOCa ?

A

Priorat has also defined the term velles vinyes, or “old vines,” to mean those planted before 1945 or vines at least 75 years of age.

144
Q

Name the most important region of Rias Baixas, in terms of wine production.

A
  • Val do Salnes
145
Q

What does Roble mean on a wine label ?

A
  • The wine has matured in oak.
  • Depending on the DOs, the minimum times differ. For example, in Calatayud DO, a wine may be labeled as Roble if it has been aged in oak (max. 600 liter capacity) for a min. 45 days (Blanco) or a min. 90 days (Tinto). As in Cariñena DO, wine must have been aged in oak (max. 600 liter capacity) for a min. 30 days (Blanco) or a min. 60 days (Tinto).
146
Q

Authorized grapes for red Toro DO ?

A
  • Tinta de Toro min 75%
  • OR Garnacha min 85%
147
Q

Is Pinot Noir autorised in Priorat ?

A

Yes, along with Carinena, Garnatxa negre noir, Garnatxa Peluda, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Ull de Llebre (Tempranillo), Pinot Noir, Syrah, Merlot, Picapoll Negre (Puntxó Fort)

148
Q

What are the meanings of ; (terms related to Priorat DOCa)

  • Vi de Finca
  • Vi de Paratje
  • Velles Vinyes
A
  • Vi de Finca: Single vineyard, independent of Vi de Vinya, 100% Sourced from designated parcel
  • Vi de Paratge: 100% Sourced from a single zone (approved by the Consell Regulador), like a lieux-dits
  • Velles Vinyes : Vineyard designation given to vineyards planted prior to 1945 (75 years old vines).
149
Q

Explain Vi de Vila category in Priorat

A
  • Village wine, Burgundy like designation
  • 12 villages are recognized
  • Now Rioja, Bierzo and Rueda also have this category
150
Q

What are the new regulations of Sherry since October 2022 ?

A
  • Sherry is mandatory not fortified, but must contain 15% of alcohol
  • Sherry can be aged everywhere in the region
  • Other indigenous varieties are allowed:
    mantúo castellano, mantúo de pilas, vejeriego, perruno, cañocazo and beba
  • Modification of minimum sugar content for both dry and sweeter wines
  • Any vineyard will be allowed to apply for Jerez Superior status. The ‘Jerez Superior’ category will now potentially include (upon request) all vineyards within the PDO limits, whereas before it was just for those on the chalky, albariza soils found in the core (central) area.
  • ‘Manzanilla Pasada’ and ‘Fino Viejo’ will now have some degree of backing law to them in that they need to be aged for at least seven years. Prior to this, it was whatever people felt like that would meet the ‘profile’.
151
Q

Macharnudo is a Pagos from which region ?

A
  • Sherry
152
Q

In Sherry region, how they retain water in their chalky soil ?

A

Aserpia or Alumbra

  • They created pits that serve to catch water
153
Q

What are the two major winds in Andalucia ?

A
  • Levante
  • Poniente
154
Q

What’s the difference in the aging requirement of Ribera del Duero Gran Reserva and Rioja Gran Reserva ?

A
  • Both are aged 60 months
  • Both spend 24 mth in oak
  • Rioja will add 24 mth bottle
155
Q

Where’s located Bodega Numanthia ?

A
  • Toro DO
156
Q

What’s the maximum residual sugar of a Cava de Paraje Calificado ?

A
  • 12 g/L.
  • Can be Brut, Extra Brut or Brut Nature
157
Q

Where’s located Valls d’Anoia-Fox subzone ?

A
  • Comtats de Barcelona (Cava de Guarda Superior)
  • Comtats de Barcelona is the area where more than 95% of Cava production is concentrated. It is here that we find the home of this quality Spanish sparkling wine, in the municipality of Sant Sadurní d’Anoia, considered to be the “capital of Cava”. This town is where the first bottles of Cava were produced in 1872.
158
Q

What’s the name of the white wine cuvée by René Barbier ?

A
  • Nelin
159
Q

What’s the historic sweet wine of Alicante ?

A
  • Fondillon
  • Late harvest Monastrell
  • Aged in solera system for 10 years
160
Q

Which Spanish DO is just opposite to Banyuls and Collioure ?

A
  • Empordà
161
Q

What ‘En Vaso’ mean?

A
  • Gobelet trained vines
162
Q

What is the most planted grape varieties for Cava in Penedes ?

A
  • Macabeo
163
Q

What are the regulations of Corpinnat association ?

A
  • Vinified from hand-harvested
  • Organically grown grapes
  • 90% indigenous varieties
  • Within a delineated zone
  • Minimum bottle aging of 18 months
164
Q

Who are the first five in Priorat ?

A
  • René Barbier (Clos Mogador)
  • Álvaro Palacios (Finca Dofi)
  • Daphne Glorian (Clos Erasmus)
  • José Luis Pérez (Clos Martinet)
  • Carlos Pastrana/Mariona Jarque (Clos de l’Obac)
165
Q

Euskadi refers to which wine region ?

A
  • Basque country
166
Q

From which Spanish region comes the grape Prieto Picudo?

A
  • León (70% of the vineyard)
167
Q

What’s the inaugural vintage of Pingus ?

A
  • 1995
168
Q

Corullon, Toral de Los Vados, Ponferrada, Cacabelos are found in which wine region ?

A
  • Bierzo
169
Q

What’s the name of the project of J.Palacios in Bierzo ?

A
  • Descendientes de José Palacios
170
Q

What are the four provinces of Ribera del Duero ?

A
  • Valladolid
  • Burgos
  • Segovia
  • Soria
171
Q

Since which vintage, white wine can be produced under Ribera del Duero label ?

A
  • 2019
172
Q

Who produce la Faraona cuvée ?

A
  • Descendientes de José Palacios
173
Q

What’s the major white grape variety in Rueda ?

A
  • Verdelho
174
Q

What’s the multi vintage blend of Vega Sicilia ?

A
  • Unico Reserva Especial
175
Q

Which mountain range protect the northern areas of Rioja from Atlantic winds ?

A
  • Sierra de Cantabria
176
Q

Who is Benjamin Romeo?

A
  • The guy behind Bodega Contador, a high-priced modern Rioja, 100% tempranillo
177
Q

Name the primary grape variety used to produce the La Faraona wine

A
  • Mencia
178
Q

Which of these Rioja wineries use more French oak?

  • Rioja Alta
  • Tondonia
  • Faustino
  • Remirez de Ganuza
A
  • Remirez de Ganuza
179
Q

In 1972, what Émile Peynaud, who was a consultant for the Marqués de Riscal, identified and recommend for Rueda?

A
  • the possibility of creating a more contemporary style of non-oxidative Verdejo.
  • He also suggested planting Sauvignon Blanc in the region
180
Q

What is the annual rainfall in Green Spain?

A
  • more than 2000 mm per year
181
Q

What is the synonym of Macabeo in Rioja?

A
  • Viura
182
Q

Where is more alike to find Verdejo?

A
  • Rueda
183
Q

What Pazos refers to in Rias Baixas?

A
  • Estate
184
Q

Which subzone of Rias Baixas cannot be label?

A
  • Soutomaior
185
Q

What is the minimum of Albariño, Loureira, Treixadura and Caíño Blanco for Val do Salnés and Ribeira do Ulla?

A
  • 70%
186
Q

What is the blend reglementation of O Rosal?

A
  • 70% Albariño and Loureira
187
Q

What is the blend reglementation of Condado do Tea?

A
  • 70% Albarino and Treixadura
188
Q

In which region is more alike to find this type of building?

A
  • Rias Baixas
  • it’s name hórreo, a ganary hoisted above ground by stone pillars
189
Q

Ribadavia is associated with which wine region?

A
  • Ribeiro, the city where the river Miño and Avia converge
190
Q

Which appellation is between Ribeira Sacra and Bierzo?

A
  • Valdeorras
191
Q

Which river flows through Valdeorras?

A
  • Sil River
192
Q

Which grape can be varietally labeled for Valdeorras DO?

A
  • Godello (min 100%)
  • Mencía (min 85%)
193
Q

Define the climate of Monterrei and Valeorras?

A
  • it experiences both Atlantic and Continental influences
  • resulting in hot, dry summers and cold winters
194
Q

What and where this tool is most commonly used?

A
  • An ‘escanciador’ is a type of txakoli-pouring device, which allows the movement of air into the glass by pouring from a height.
  • The ‘escanciador’ pourer has two vacant sides: one side is for the air to enter the bottle, and the other for the wine to pour out from.
195
Q

How is name this type of decanter? What is it used for?

A
  • Porrón
  • This invention allows everyone to drink from the same utensil without touching it with their lips
196
Q

What is the major body of water that influence Txakoli?

A
  • Bay of Biscay
197
Q

Which mountains separate Castilla y León and Castilla-La Mancha?

A
  • Sistema Central
198
Q

What is the major river of Bierzo?

A
  • Sil river
199
Q

What is the vineyard quality pyramid of Bierzo?

A
200
Q

Does Rueda can produces red and rosé wine?

A
  • Yes, since 2001, based on Tempranillo
201
Q

As of the 2019 vintage, two additional categories of Rueda have been created: Gran vino de Rueda and Vino de Pueblo. What these terms refers to?

A
  • Gran vino de Rueda must come from vines at least 30 years old and adhering to stricter yields
  • Vino de Pueblo is a new village wine classification, where 85% of grapes must be harvested for nearly 70 permitted municipalities
202
Q

What refers Barrio de la Estación?

A
  • The historical town where many producers established in Rioja, next to the railway station.
  • still serves as the brain center for the region, housing such centenary wineries as López de Heredia, Compañía Vinícola del Norte de España (CVNE), and La Rioja Alta
203
Q

What is the major planting method in Ribera del Duero?

A
  • It does have a small majority of Bush vine
  • trellising is more prevalent in flatter western area
204
Q

What are the synonyms of Tempranillo in Ribera del Duero?

A
  • Tinto Fino
  • Tinta del País
205
Q

What is the DO north of Ribera del Duero?

A
  • Arlanza
206
Q

What is the major vine training in Toro DO?

A
  • Bush vines
207
Q

What style of wine can be produced in Toro DO?

A
  • Red
  • Rosado
  • White
208
Q

What is the major river of Cigales?

A
  • Pisuerga River
209
Q

Which DO in Castilla y Leon contain large round stone soils (like galets roulés)?

A
  • Cigales DO
210
Q

Which DO in Castilla y Leon represent the Spanish counterpart of Douro Superior?
What are the most important grape varieties?

A
  • Arribes DO
  • the red Bruñal and Juan García
211
Q

Why some producers in Rioja use wire cages (or mallas) on their bottle?

A
  • it was a way to guarantee authenticity in the early 20th century
212
Q

Which producer in Rioja hired Michel Rolland in 1987? Which wine he created?

A
  • Bodega Palacio
  • Cosme Palacio y Hermanos Reserva Especial, matured for a shorter duration in new French oak
213
Q

Which region is associated with the town San Vicente de la Sonsierra?

A
  • Rioja Alavesa
214
Q

Why is it traditional in Rioja to age their wines in American Barrel?

A
  • Partly due to Spain’s longstanding trade ties with North America
  • Also because these could be sourced more cheaply than French barrels
215
Q

What the term Viñedo Singular refers to in Rioja?

A
  • single-vineyard
  • must be hand-harvested
  • vines of min 35 years old
  • lower yields
  • approved by the consejo tasting committee
216
Q

Where is located Pamplona? What are they renowned?

A
  • Navarra
  • the encierro, the running of the bulls
217
Q

What are the zones of Navarra DO?

A
  • Baja Montana
  • Tierra Estella
  • Valdizarbe
  • Ribera Alta
  • Ribera Baja
218
Q

What is the most renowned wine style in Navarra?

A
  • Rosado based in Grenache
  • Saignée method, direct pressing is forbidden
219
Q

What is the largest DO of Aragon? What is the main river? Main grape?

A
  • Catalayud
  • Jalón river
  • Garnacha
220
Q

What means Viñas Vienas in Catalayud DO?

A
  • Old Vines
  • 35 years old vines minimum
221
Q

What is the requirements for Catalayud Superior?

A
  • 85% Garnacha
  • vines of minimum 50 years old
222
Q

What differs Somontano DO with the other Aragon regions?

A
  • It is less arid
  • the proximity with France bring another stylistic influence
  • less bound to Garnacha
  • the most successful grapes are Gewürztraminer, Riesling, Chardo, Cabernet Sauvignon, merlot
  • Local varieties: Alcañón (white), Parraleta (red) and Moristel
223
Q

Priorat region is bordered by which mountain?

A
  • Serra de Montsant
224
Q

What is the major river of Priorat?

A
  • Siurana river
225
Q

What is the distinctive soil of Priorat?

A
  • llicorella
  • composed of Schistose mica and quartize
  • it allows roots to stretch deep to fin water and the dark surface radiates heat back to the vines
226
Q

What is the grape regulation of a Vi de Vila in Priorat?

A
  • min 60% Garnacha and Cariñena, or 50% if only one is included in the blend
227
Q

The town Falset is associated with which wine region?

A
  • Montsant
228
Q

What are the subregions of Tarragona?

A
  • Camp de Tarragona
  • Comarca Ribera d’Ebre
229
Q

Where is located Tarragona?

A
  • South of Penedès in Catalunya
230
Q

What Terra Alta is renowned for?

A
  • Garnacha Blanca
231
Q

What is the manor soil of Alella DO?

A
  • Sauló soils. A sandy granite topsoil
232
Q

What style of wines is produced in Empordà?

A
  • Vi de licor from different colors of Garnacha
  • Moscatel, like a VDN Rivesaltes
233
Q

What is the family estate of Palacios in Rioja? What is the premium cuvée?

A
  • Palacios Remondo
  • Quinon de Valmira (100% grenache)

Spain (3 decks)

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