Normative Ethical Theories

Question 1

What are the 4 cardinal virtues?

Answer 1

Prudence, Temperance, Fortitude, Justice

Question 2

NML - Tojo war criminal - Justine Bernard

Answer 2

‘a crime in the eyes of reason and universal conscience.’

Question 3

NML - Cicero definition

Answer 3

‘True law is right reason in agreement of nature. it is applied universally and is unchanging and everlasting.’

Question 4

NML - Eternal law

Answer 4

‘I will put my law within them, and i will write it on their hearts.’ Jeremiah 31:33

Question 5

NML - Real and apparent goods

Answer 5

‘For all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God.’ Romans 3:23

Question 6

NML - Proportionalism 3 steps

Answer 6

1. Agent’s intention
2. Value of Act
3. Disvalue of Act
   (proportion of value to disvalue)

Question 7

SE - John Robinson and then withdrawal (people can’t handle responsibility).

Answer 7

‘Dr Fletcher’s approach is the only ethic for “man come of age”.’
‘It will all descend into moral chaos.’

Question 8

SE - William Barclay

Answer 8

Agape is ‘Unconquerable good will.’

Question 9

SE - 1 John

Answer 9

‘The commandment that God has given us is: ‘Love god and love each other’.

Question 10

SE - Fletcher - love’s outreach

Answer 10

‘many sided and wide-aimed, not one-directional.’

Question 11

SE - Jesus

Answer 11

‘Greater love has no one than this: to lay down one’s life for one’s friends.’

Question 12

SE - Pragmatism

Answer 12

‘The good is what works!’

Question 13

SE - Relativism

Answer 13

SE ‘relativises the absolute, it does not absolutise the relative’.

Question 14

SE - Positivism

Answer 14

‘We love because he first loved us.’ 1 John 4:19

Question 15

SE - Personalism

Answer 15

‘Sabbath was made for man, not man for the Sabbath.’

Question 16

SE - Justice

Answer 16

‘Justice is love distributed.’

Question 17

VE - Eudaimonia

Answer 17

‘Every action and pursuit is considered to aim at some good.’

Question 18

VE - Practice

Answer 18

‘For we are what we repeatedly do. Excellence then is not an act but a habit.’

Question 19

VE - Justice is…

Answer 19

‘every virtue summed up.’

Question 20

VE - Friendship

Answer 20

‘the bond that holds communities together.’

Question 21

Capital Punishment - Ghandi

Answer 21

‘An eye for an eye only ends up making the whole world blind.’

Question 22

Capital Punishment - Genesis 9:6

Answer 22

“Whoever sheds human blood, by humans shall their blood be shed.”

Question 23

Abortion, Embryo Research and Cloning - Psalm 139

Answer 23

‘For it was you who formed my inward parts; you knit me together in my mother’s womb.’

Question 24

Who defended animals as having their own intrinsic value?

Answer 24

Judith Barad

Question 25

Animal issues - NML animal purpose

Answer 25

‘There is no sin in using a thing for the purpose for which it was made’

Question 26

Cloning support - Catholic Church

Answer 26

‘wherever it answers a need or provides a significant benefit for man.’

Question 27

What are the four steps of The principle of double-effect

Answer 27

1. Nature of act
2. Means-end
3. Right-intention
4. Proportionality

Question 28

What are the 3 theological virtues?

Answer 28

Faith, hope love

Question 29

What are the 4 cardinal virtues?

Answer 29

1. Prudence
2. Temperance
3. Fortitude
4. Justice