Normans establishing and maintaining control

Question 1

Why were castles built?

Answer 1

• protect Norman settlers
• intimidate local population
• establish control of the area
• demonstrate the social structure of Norman England (Norman rulers ‘on top of hill’)
• place of administration for an area

Question 2

Rebellion by Edwin and Morcar

Answer 2

1066
Immediately after Hastings, defeated by the normans, Edwin and mortar forced to swear an oath

Question 3

Welsh Border

Answer 3

1067-69
Revolt started by a Herefordshire thegn, Edric the wild. Initially unsuccessful, second attempt in 1069 gained more territory. Stopped by William in 1069

Question 4

South west and exeter

Answer 4

1069
Exeter rebelled against William and he response by laying Siege to the city for 18 days. 3 of Harold godwinson’s son also tried to rebel when they landed in Somerset - failed

Question 5

Revolt of the Norman Earls

Answer 5

1075
Unexpected rebellion from his own earls
Supported by king of france
Williams allies suppress the rebellion and rebels treated harshly

Question 6

Harrying of the north Causes

Answer 6

Edwin, Morcar and Edgar the Aetheling had fled north in 1068
King Malcolm of Scotland supported Edgar’s claim (Malcolm had married Edgar’s sister)
In January 1069 a Norman Earl (Robert of Commines) had been murdered by a group of English rbels
Edgar had attacked York and 240 Viking ships had landed in the North of England to join Edgar’s army

Question 7

Harrying of the north Main events

Answer 7

William paid the Vikings to leave England
William laid waste to large areas of the north of England, to ‘teach them a lesson’. He ordered the slaughter of all livestock and the burning of all crops - and even salted the land.

Question 8

Harrying of the North Consequences

Answer 8

Loss of income for farmers and starvation across the region
In 1086, the Domesday book recorded 80% of Yorkshire as ‘waste
Though it did not end rebellion against William, it certainly reduced it in the north of England

Question 9

William’s sons : Robert

Answer 9

Robert raised an army against his father. After his defeat he lived in exile for many years. In 1087, as King William lay dying, he reluctantly agreed to grant control of Normandy to Robert.

Question 10

William’s son: WilliamRufus

Answer 10

William gave the kingdom of England to his middle son, William. This divided England and Normandy once more

Question 11

Williams son: Henry

Answer 11

Youngest son, did not receive any land, but did receive £5,000 which he used to create alliances. He is crowned king after the death of William II