Normans - Conquest and Control Pt 2 Flashcards
(39 cards)
Why did William build castles?
Initially to shelter his troops and establish control but later were built to prevent rebellion
The castles housed Norman cavalry and their horses so that they could easily defend the area
Where were castles usually built?
At strategic sites or in vulnerable areas such as the Welsh Borders
How were the castles built?
The Normans forced English workers to build them
Name the features of a castle?
Keep Outer Bailey Inner Bailey Palisade Moat Motte
Why was the keep important?
Where the most important people stayed as it was the safest part of the castle
Why was the outer bailey important?
The area that had houses or buildings that needed to be kept safe
Defenders can push attackers off here
Why was the Inner Bailey important?
Its the last line of defence
Why was the palisade important?
They were high walls with plenty of lookout posts
Why was the moat important?
Its used to defend as it was a ditch surrounding the castle which could be filled with water, mud or sewage
Why was the motte important?
It makes the castle higher as its the mound the castle is built on meaning its more difficult for attackers to attack
Name the 5 ways William established control
Terror Patronage Concessions Legality Military Presence
Name some examples of how William used terror to establish control
- Harrying of the North
- Seized and disinherited families of the Saxons who died at Hastings
Name an example of how William used military presence to establish control
Intimidating people by stationing castles and garrisons
one in Exeter prevented people from supporting Godwinson
Name an example of how William used patronage to establish control
gave land and positions to people to secure loyalty
allowed English Lords who pledged loyalty to him to keep their titles, such as Edwin and Morcar
Name an example of how William used legality to establish control
Showed that he’s legally and rightfully the king of England
- kept the Royal Writs in English until the 1070s
- kept Stignand as the Archbishop of Canterbury
What was the problem that occurred straight after Hastings?
Many English Lords wanted Edgar to be the king
How did William deal with the English Lords after Hastings?
By marching through Kent and forcing them to surrender
By doing this it made the Lords change their minds as they saw the destruction caused by William
What happened in the December after the battle of Hastings?
Edgar and some English Lords met William at Berkhamsted and submitted to him
What happened on Christmas Day, 1066?
William was crowned king by Ealdred, the Archbishop of York
How did William try and keep the support of English lords?
- He continued to use English for royal writs
- Allowed Stigand to remain, Archbishop of Canterbury,
- Allowed English lords who pledged loyalty to keep their land
- Encouraged English Lords to marry Normans
Why did opposition increase in 1067?
William left for Normandy and left Odo and Fitz Osbern in charge and they imposed high taxes and led a harsh rule
What happened in 1067 at the Welsh borders?
Welsh kings came to the borders and helped rebellions to happen, they looted and stole on the borders
What happened in 1067 in Northumbria?
- William appointed Cospig to rule Northumbria
- Cospig had previously worked for Tostig who the Northumbrians hated
- so they ambushed and hacked Cospig to death
What happened in 1067 In Kent?
-people were angry about how they were treated so they persuade Eustace, who had fallen out with William, to seize Dover castle but was defeated
