Normans - Conquest and Control

Question 1

Which Viking King became King of England in 1016?

Answer 1

Canute

Question 2

What was the name of the queen who was married to the Anglo-Saxon King Aethelred and then the Viking King?

Answer 2

Emma of Normandy

Question 3

When did Edward the Confessor become King of England?

Answer 3

1042

Question 4

Who was the most powerful earl at this point?

Answer 4

Earl of Wessex (Godwin)

Question 5

Who did Edward marry?

Answer 5

Edith, Earl Godwin’s daughter

Question 6

What was the group of English advisors to the King called?

Answer 6

The Witan

Question 7

Who were the four claimants to the throne in 1066?

Answer 7

Edgar Aetheling, Harald Hardrada, Harold Godwinson, William of Normandy

Question 8

State an advantage to Edgar’s claim.

Answer 8

Nearest blood relative

Question 9

State an advantage to Harald Hardrada’s claim.

Answer 9

His father had been promised the throne by Harthacanute, experienced ruler, fierce warrior, supported by Tostig

Question 10

State a disadvantage to Harald’s claim.

Answer 10

Wasn’t English, no support from the Witan or English earls

Question 11

State an advantage of William’s claim.

Answer 11

Experienced warrior, promised throne by Edward, Harold had promised to support him

Question 12

State a disadvantage of William’s claim.

Answer 12

Not a blood relative of Edward’s, not English

Question 13

State an advantage of Harold’s claim.

Answer 13

English, supported by the Witan, most powerful Earl in England, brother-in-law of Edward, skilful military leader, Edward’s dying wish granted him the throne

Question 14

State a disadvantage of Harold’s claim.

Answer 14

Already promised to support William’s claim to throne, had been exiled in 1051, not a blood relation of Edward’s

Question 15

What was the name of the oath given to Harold Godwinson by Edward on his death bed?

Answer 15

Novissima Verba

Question 16

When did Edward die?

Answer 16

5th January 1066

Question 17

When was Harold crowned king?

Answer 17

6th January 1066

Question 18

What was the Anglo-Saxon name for the professional soldiers?

Answer 18

Housecarls

Question 19

What was the Anglo-Saxon name for the peasant army?

Answer 19

Fyrd

Question 20

What were the two main weaknesses of Harold’s army?

Answer 20

No cavalry and no archers

Question 21

In what month in 1066 did Tostig attack the Sussex and Lincolnshire coast?

Answer 21

May

Question 22

When did Harold send his army home?

Answer 22

8th September 1066

Question 23

How many ships did Hardrada arrive with?

Answer 23

300

Question 24

When was the Battle of Fulford?

Answer 24

20th September 1066

Question 25

When was the Battle of Stamford Bridge?

Answer 25

25th September 1066

Question 26

How many ships did Hardrada's forces return home with?

Answer 26

24

Question 27

When did William land at Pevensey?

Answer 27

28th September 1066

Question 28

Why did William choose Pevensey?

Answer 28

Roman fort offered protection, safe bay to land troops and supplies

Question 29

How long did it take Harold to cover the 200 miles south?

Answer 29

4-5 days

Question 30

When was the Battle of Hastings?

Answer 30

14th October 1066

Question 31

What was the hill called that Harold based his army on?

Answer 31

Senlac Hill

Question 32

State one reason why William won

Answer 32

Better tactics, effective leadership, flexible troops, Harold's troops were tired and ill disciplined

Question 33

When was William crowned King?

Answer 33

25th December 1066

Question 34

State three ways William tried to establish legitimacy

Answer 34

* Writs written in English until 1070s * Stigand remained Archbishop of Canterbury until 1070 * English lords pledged loyalty to him and allowed to keep land

Question 35

How did William deal with the land belonging to those who had died at Hastings?

Answer 35

Seized land and gave it to the Normans

Question 36

In what year was the Harrying of the North?

Answer 36

1069

Question 37

How many were supposedly killed during the Harrying?

Answer 37

100,000

Question 38

What was the name of the rebel from Lincolnshire who rebelled in 1070-71?

Answer 38

Hereward the Wake

Question 39

What was the name of the Danish King who helped the rebellion in 1070?

Answer 39

Swein

Question 40

Which earl rebelled in 1075?

Answer 40

Roger, Earl of Hereford

Question 41

What was the name of the castle the Normans built?

Answer 41

Motte and Bailey

Question 42

State two reasons why castles were built

Answer 42

* Strategic * Symbolic

Question 43

Give two examples of Norman Castles

Answer 43

* Pevensey * Pickering * Lincoln

Question 44

What year did William die?

Answer 44

1087

Question 45

Who succeeded him?

Answer 45

William II

Question 46

When did this King die?

Answer 46

1100

Question 47

Who became King at this point?

Answer 47

Henry I