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Normans Flashcards

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1
Q

When was Alfred the Great King of England?

A

871-899

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2
Q

Who was Alfred the Great’s son?

A

Edward the Elder

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3
Q

When was Edward the Elder King of England?

A

899-925

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4
Q

Who were Edward the Elder’s sons?

A

Athelstan, Edred and Edmund 1/ Edmund the Magnificient

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5
Q

When was Athelstan king of England?

A

925-939

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6
Q

When was Edmund 1 King of England?

A

939-946

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7
Q

When was Edred King of England?

A

946-955

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8
Q

Who were Edmund 1 sons?

A

Eadwig the Fair and Edgar 1/ Edgar the Peaceful

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9
Q

When was Eadwig the fair King of England?

A

955-959

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10
Q

When was Edgar 1 King of England?

A

959-975

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11
Q

Who were Edgar 1 sons?

A

Edward the Martyr and Ethelred 2/ Ethelred the Unready

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12
Q

When did Edward the Martyr rule?

A

975-978

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13
Q

When did Ethelred the unready rule?

A

979-1013 and 1014-1018

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14
Q

Why did Ethelred the Unready have 2 periods as King?

A

Sweyn Forkbeard of Denmark invaded England from 1013 to 1014

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15
Q

Who were Ethelred the Unready’s sons?

A

Edmund 2/ Edmund Ironside and Edward the Confessor

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16
Q

When was Edmund Ironside king of England?

A

April - November 1016

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17
Q

Who was Sweyn Forkbeard’s son?

A

Canute the Great

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18
Q

When did Canute rule England?

A

1016-1035

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19
Q

Who were Canute’s sons?

A

Harold 1/ Harold Harefoot and Harthacnut

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20
Q

When did Harold Harefoot rule England?

A

1035-1040

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21
Q

When did Harthacnut rule England?

A

1040-1042

22
Q

When did Edward the Confessor rule England?

A

1042-1066

23
Q

What bad omen ocurred in 1066 that was meant to foreshadow a bad year?

A

Halley’s Comet was visible

24
Q

Edward The Confessor married a member of which rich Saxon family?

A

The Godwins

25
Q

What did the Godwins do in 1051 that caused Edward the Confessor to exile them?

A

They rebelled against him

26
Q

Why did the Witan force Edward the Confessor to re-instate Godwin?

A

Edward introduced more Normans to important posts in his court, which the Witan didn’t like

27
Q

What did Edward the Confessor spend most of his time doing?

A

Confessing - he cared little for his country after the Witan re-instated the Godwins

28
Q

What did Edward not do that was a big problem for England?

A

He didn’t have any children or name a successor

29
Q

Which Godwin did Edward the Confessor marry?

A

Edith the daughter of the Earl of Godwin

30
Q

Why did William the Conqueror have a good chance of being picked for the throne of England?

A

Normandy had good relations with England at the time, Harold Godwinson had sworn to support him for the throne over holy relics when William caught him in Normandy and he was supported by the pope

31
Q

What was a disadvantage for William the Conqueror being picked for the throne of England?

A

He was not directly related to the king

32
Q

Why did Harold Godwinson have a good chance of being picked for the throne of England?

A

He was Edward the Confessor’s key advisor, he ruled Wessex, was the richest man in England, was experienced and well respected, he was present when Edward the Confessor died and his sister was married to Edward the Confessor

33
Q

Why did Harald Hardrada have a good chance to be picked for the throne of England?

A

He claimed his father had been named Harthacnut’s successor (so his father should have been king instead of Edward) , he had the support of Tostig Godwinson, Harold Godwinson’s brother, The Danelaw areas in England would like a Viking King and he was a Fearsome warrior and ruler

34
Q

Why did Edgar Atheling have a good chance of being picked for the throne of England?

A

He was raised by Edward the Confessor since the age of 6 and he was a blood relation to him

35
Q

Why did Edgar Atheling have a bad chance of being picked for the throne of England?

A

He was only a teenager and had no experience of leadership

36
Q

Who was named Edward the Confessor’s successor?

A

Harold Godwinson

37
Q

When was the Edward the Confessor’s successor crowned?

A

The day after his death

38
Q

Why were people unhappy with Harold as king?

A

Tostig had been building an army to kill him, the other earls didn’t support his ideas and felt they could overthrow him, Northumbria hated his brother and William the Conqueror started making an army as soon as he heard of the succession

39
Q

How did Harold cement his kingship in the beginning?

A

He created the largest army in English history and placed it where William the Conqueror was most likely to land and visited York to gain the support of the Northumbrian Lords

40
Q

Who were Harold’s two most trusted generals?

A

Edwin and Morcar

41
Q

What happened at the Battle of Fulford?

A

Harald Hardrada teamed up with Tostig Godwinson and together they mustered up 10,000 men and 300 ships to invade England. They sailed to York and left 3,000 men to guard the boats, bringing 7,000 to fight. They started on either side of the river, with the Saxons taking up a defensive shield wall. Hardrada sent his best fighters to flank and attack from behind resulting in an easy victory.

42
Q

How far did Harold Godwinson travel to Fulford and in how many days?

A

He rode185 miles (298km) in 4 days which is ridiculously fast

43
Q

How did Harold Godwinson win the battle of Stamford Bridge?

A

Harold attacked Hardrada when he and his soldiers were celebrating, thinking they still had ages before Godwinson would arrive. Harold Godwinson killed Harald Hardrada in battle, leading to confusion and panic in the Norwegian army and an eventual defeat that led to the capture, killing or fleeing of the Norwegians

44
Q

What was one Beserker said to have done in the battle of Stamford Bridge?

A

He was said to have held the Saxon army back on the bridge and to have killed 40+ men before being stabbed through the bottom of the bridge

45
Q

How did William prepare for the Battle of Hastings?

A

He got the support of the Pope in the Papal banner, boosting their confidence with the idea that God was on their side. He also built an army from the Norman lords, meaning they were well trained and well equipped. He built special, flat bottomed ships so that he could transport lots of supplies to England and build pre fabricated castles to give him the advantage.

46
Q

Where did William the Conqueror land in England?

A

Pevensey

47
Q

What did William do in Pevensey?

A

he quickly built castles and began to terrorise people in Harold’s old earldom, Wessex, to tempt him down from Stamford Bridge

48
Q

How did Harold Godwinson to William’s invasion?

A

Harold Godwinson, having just fought at Stamford Bridge, rode 240 miles (386 km) in just 5 days, which is absurdly fast in an attempt to surprise William

49
Q

What troops did Harold Godwinson have at the Battle of Hastings?

A

He had Housecarls, fully trained, disciplined, completely loyal to Harold, equipped with a heavy axe, a large shield and chain mail armour, with good battle tactics, they were the fiercest warriors in England. He also had 6000+ Fyrds, who were very fit and strong farmers

50
Q
A

History (2 decks)

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