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Norman Conquest Flashcards

1
Q

Key Events In The English Monarchy Time Period

A

1016-1066

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2
Q

Key Event-1016

A

Aethelred the Unready (English) dies and Canute (Viking) becomes King

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3
Q

Key Event-1017

A

Aethelred’s widow Emma (English) marries Canute

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4
Q

Key Event-1035

A

Canute dies

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5
Q

Key Event-1035 to 1040

A

Harold Harefoot’s reign

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6
Q

Key Event-1040 to 1042

A

Harthacanute’s reign

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7
Q

Key Event-1042

A

Edward the Confessor becomes King

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8
Q

Key Event-1051

A

Godwin family exiled

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9
Q

Key Event-1052

A

Return of the Godwin’s

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10
Q

Key Event-Late 1050s

A

Harold proclaimed sub-regulus

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11
Q

Key Event-1066

A

January: Edward the Confessor dies

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12
Q

Edwards Path to the Throne-1035

A
  • Canute died and it wasn’t clear if one of his sons would take over the Throne
  • Two of his sons had short reigns: Harefoot, then Harthcanute who invited Edward to England
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13
Q

Edwards Path to the Throne-1042

A

-Edward amended the throne in June as Harthcanutes successor

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14
Q

Edwards Path to the Throne-1043

A

-Edward was crowned in April easily as the Vikings were distracted by attacks from Scandinavia

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15
Q

Edwards Path to the Throne-1045

A

He married Earl Godwin’s daughter

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16
Q

The Norman Connection to the Throne

A
  • Aethelred’s widow and sons, Emma, Alfred and Edward escaped to Normandy where they were protected by Emma’s brother and Duke of Normandy, Richard.
  • Emma was forced to return to England to marry Canute, while Richard raised her sons.
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17
Q

The Viking Connection to the Throne

A

-In 1016 the Viking, King Canute, killed English King Aethelred and ruled over England for the next 20 years

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18
Q

The English Connection to the Throne

A
  • England was apart of the Empire ruled by Canute
  • England was divided into 4 Earldoms: Wessex, Northumbria, Mercia and East Anglia
  • The Earls were the most powerful men under Canute and Earl Godwin of Wessex was the most powerful
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19
Q

Rivals for the Throne

A
  • Edgar the Aetheling
  • Harold Hardrada
  • Harold Godwinson
  • William Duke of Normandy
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20
Q

Rivals for the Throne: Edgar the Aetheling

A
  • Great Nephew of the King
  • Edward had promised his father the Throne, however his father was dead
  • He was an AngloSaxon
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21
Q

Rivals for the Throne: Harold Hardrada

A
  • Powerful and Experienced
  • Canute promised Hardrada’s father the Throne before his father died
  • He’s a Viking
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22
Q

Rivals for the Throne: Harold Godwinson

A
  • Late King’s advisor
  • Married Harold’s Sister
  • Earl of Wessex, (Powerful and Wealthy)
  • Edward promised him the Throne
23
Q

Rivals for the Throne: William Duke of Normandy

A
  • Edward’s distant cousin
  • Supposedly promised the Throne by Edward
  • He had support of the Pope in Rome
  • Knew Edward well as they grew up together
24
Q

Problems with Edward the Confessor’s Death

A
  • Could cause a divide in the English society
  • All will believe they are entitled to the Throne
  • Four groups could resort to violence against one another for the Throne
25
Anglo Saxon Rules of Inheritance
- Family Ties - Post Obitum - Novissima Verba - The Witan - Use of Force
26
Anglo Saxon Rules of Inheritance: Family Ties
A son of the King could inherit but didn’t necessarily have to be the oldest son. If the King had no sons, then a male relative or a previous King could be chosen instead
27
Anglo Saxon Rules of Inheritance:Post Obitum
The King might nominate or bequeath his throne to someone in the events of his death
28
Anglo Saxon Rules of Inheritance:Novissima Verba
The King might nominate his successor on his deathbed
29
Anglo Saxon Rules of Inheritance: The Witan
A group of leading nobles and churchmen could either suggest an heir or support the king’s own choice
30
Anglo Saxon Rules of Inheritance:Use of Force
Claimants could challenge each other for the Throne, and the successful man was then crowned
31
Edgar the Outlaw: Family Ties
- Was the great nephew of Edward the Confessor | - Had the closest blood tie to Edward
32
Edgar the Outlaw: Post Obitum
-Edward had promised his father the throne previously
33
Edgar the Outlaw: The Witan
-Edgar was and Anglo Saxon and had the support of many Earls
34
Edgar the Outlaw: Use of Force
-Known as an outlaw due to his actions in 106y, he took part in a number of rebellions against the Normans
35
Harald Hardrada: Family Ties
-Was related to previous King Canute
36
Harald Hardrada: Post Obitum
-Was said that Hardrada’s father, Magnus, was promised the throne by Harthcanute
37
Harald Hardrada: Use of Force
-Was King of Norway and a powerful Viking with a large and successful army
38
Harold Godwinson: Family Ties
-Edward was married to Harold’s sister
39
Harold Godwinson: Novissima Verba
-Said that Edward promised him the throne on his death bed
40
Harold Godwinson: The Witan
-Supported by all of the nobles, except his brother Tostig
41
Harold Godwinson: Use of Force
-Was ‘sub-regulars’ and represented Edward in battle from 1060 onwards
42
William Duke of Normandy: Family Ties
-Was a distant cousin of Edward through Emma
43
William Duke of Normandy: Post Obitum
-Claimed the Edward had promised him the throne after aiding Edward in 1051 against the Godwin’s
44
William Duke of Normandy: The Witan
-William said that Harold had sworn to support his claim in 1064
45
William Duke of Normandy: Use of Force
-Very successful and brutal warrior
46
Who took over the throne after Edward?
Harold Godwinson
47
Winter January & February 1066: Godwinson’s Problems
- Worried about an invasion from Normandy, has no navy to stop a Norman fleet - Only has a small band of professional soldiers and the rest and fyrds (ordinary people)
48
Winter January & February 1066: Godwinson’s Solution
-Had assembled the largest naval ever, according to Anglo Saxon chronicles
49
Late Spring May 1066: Godwinson’s Problems
-Tostig, (Harold’s Brother), was raiding towns along the Sussex coast and made an alliance with Harold Hardrada
50
Late Spring May 1066: Godwinson’s Solutions
-Has sent his navy fleet after Tostig, he fled Northwood
51
Summer June-September 1066: Godwinson’s Problems
-No sign of an invasion from William and can’t keep 6000men hanging around; could cause food shortages as most were farmers
52
Summer June-September 1066: Godwinson’s Solutions
-Sent the soldiers home, disbanded the fleet and headed to London
53
The Battle of Stamford Bridge
Harald Hardrada, Tostig & Harold Godwinson
54
The Battle of Stamford Bridge: Build Up
- September 20th, the Norwegian army drafted two earls | - Harold Gi

History (3 decks)

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