Norman Chapter 2 Vocab Flashcards
The Gulf of Execution
Can the user identify the action to take to achieve a goal?
“Gulf” is the knowledge gap between what the user wants to do and the system capabilities supporting that goal.
The Gulf of Evaluation
Will the user know the action resulted in the desired state?
“Gulf” is the knowledge gap between a systems feedback from an action, and what the user needs to know the goal was met.
7 Stages of Actions
- Goal 2. Plan 3. Specify 4. Preform 5. Perceive 6. Interpret 7. Compare
Mental Models
People construct explanations on how the world works.
Constraints
narrow the space of interpretation to guide action and interpretation
Signifiers
affordances and feedbacks are discoverable.
Conceptual Model
the system “projects” the information needed to derive an understanding of itself
Discoverability
Users can perceive possible actions and current system state
Mappings
relationships between controls and actions are coherent
Affordance
actions are possible to complete given the attributes of the target user
Feedback
the system clearly reports results from actions and changes to its state
Feedback Loops
the results of one activity are used to direct further ones, in which goals lead to subgoals, and plans lead to subplans.
Event-driven Behavior
the sequence starts with the world, causing evaluation of the state and the formulation of a goal.
Root Cause Analysis
asking “Why?” until the ultimate, fundamental cause of the activity is reached.
Opportunist Actions
the behavior takes advantage of circumstances. Rather than engage in extensive planning and analysis, we go about the day’s activities and do things as opportunities arise.
