Norman Ch 2

Question 1

Gulf of Execution

Answer 1

How does this thing operate?

Question 2

Gulf of Evaluation

Answer 2

What happened when I did the thing?

Question 3

Signifiers

Answer 3

ensures discoverability and that feedback is well communicated

Question 4

Constraints

Answer 4

guides action and eases interpretation

Question 5

Mapping

Answer 5

relationship between controls and their actions

Question 6

Conceptual Model

Answer 6

a form of storytelling (to ourselves), resulting from our predisposition to find explanations. Helps us understand our experiences.

Question 7

Root Cause Analysis

Answer 7

Asking “why?” to figure out the ultimate cause of an activity

Question 8

Declarative Memory

Answer 8

Memory of factual information

Question 9

Procedural Memory

Answer 9

recalling activities performed in order to remember

Question 10

Visceral Processing

Answer 10

Most basic level. “Lizard Brain.” Style and stimulus. Subconscious.

Question 11

Behavioral Processing

Answer 11

Learned skills and appropriate reactions. Subconscious. Every action has an expectation.

Question 12

Reflective Processing

Answer 12

Conscious cognition. Deep understanding, decision making. Slow.

Question 13

Feedback

Answer 13

Knowledge of results that allows for a feeling of control. Aids in understanding what happened.

Question 14

Conspiracy of Silence

Answer 14

When people perceive the fault to be their own and don’t admit to it. Feelings of helplessness are kept hidden

Question 15

Learned Helplessness

Answer 15

Repeated failures at a task resulting in people believing themselves helpless

Question 16

Learning Experience

Answer 16

Failure. If you don’t fail, you aren’t trying hard enough

Question 17

Feedforward

Answer 17

Information that helps answer the questions of execution

Question 18

Discoverability

Answer 18

Possible to determine what actions are possible and the current state of the device

Question 19

7 Fundamental Principles of Design

Answer 19

1. Discoverability
2. Feedback
3. Conceptual Model
4. Affordances
5. Signifiers
6. Mappings
7. Constraints

Question 20

Valence

Answer 20

the “goodness” (positive) and “badness” (negative) we emotionally assign an event, object, or situation