Normals and Vocab Flashcards by Miranda Romero

What is AFB (Acid-Fast Bacillus) staining?

A diagnosis of TB and leprosy, takes 2-3 weeks to culture the tubercle bacilli

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What is RAW?

Estimated for patients on mechanical ventilation by determining the difference between PIP and PLAT. Used to determine the amount of initial pressure support needed to overcome airway resistance

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What is albumin?

Normal Value 3.5-5

Decreased indicates malnutrition and severe liver disease. Can also be due to chronic inflammation, severe acute disease and kidney disease

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What is an angiogram?

Serial x-rays of a blood vessel INVASIVE (used for embolism)_

IF SAYS CEREBRAL IT IS FOR THE BRAIN

HIGHLY INVASIVE

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What is anion gap?

Normal range 8-18

Used to identify the cause of metabolic acidosis

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What is babinski reflex?

Neurological test used to evaluate brainstem and spinal cord function. Used in stable but unconscious patients

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What is thoracotomy?

Surgical opening of the chest

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If a patient has chest pain and dyspnea what are you going to do?

Give 100% FIO2

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When do you utilize capillary refill?

When worried about perfusion, quick and east bedside assessment

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When do you pick deep pain response?

When patient is unconcious or unresponsive (pick sensorium first)

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What does frequent PVC mean?

Patient is hypoxic

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What does serial T-wave inversion mean?

Not good blood flow

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What does ST segment elevation mean?

Having an acute injury. Heart attack right now

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What are some basic lab tests?

Chest x-ray, CBC, ECG monitor, ABG, electrolytes (think metabolic issues)

Remember, do you have time for these?

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What are the levels of information gathering?

Visuals
Bedside
Basic labs
Special tests

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What is troponin?

Protein found in myocardial cells. The Troponin test is measured in the blood to differentiate between unstable angina and MI.

Remember patients who have experienced an MI would have an elevated troponin. Levels >0.1 indicate a high risk of death from MI

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What is BNP?

Secreted by cardiac muscles when heart failure develops or worsens. Measured in the blood to determine CHF.

Normal value is <100

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What is the difference of troponin and BNP?

Troponin is associated with acute heart attack and BNP is associated with chronic conditions such as CHF

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What percentage of improvement should you see with pre and post bronchodilators?

> 12%

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What is DLCO?

A test of the diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide- think oxygenation

<20 is loq

Think emphysema, Cystic Fibrosis. All “Osis” diseases

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What is the 6 min walk test?

Used in pulmonary rehab, distance must improve to show that it is working

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When do you get a CT scan?

Embolisms, tumors

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When do you obtain a lateral neck x-ray?

Epiglottitis, croup

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What is lateral decubitus?

On the side, think pleural effusion

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What is bronchoscopy used?

Obstructions, something growing in the lungs

When do you use broncho alveolar lavage?

Cleaning one lung (need double lumen), specimen collection, goes deep in the lungs

When do you use the stress test?

Can be used for the heart or lungs

What is the sweat chloride test used for?

Diagnose cystic fibrosis >60 indicates positive for CF

What is the ELISA test used for?

HIV/AIDS

What is the edrophonium (tensilon) test?

Rapid acting short lasting cholinesterase inhibitor Used to diagnose myasthenia gravis (MG)

What is dubowitz?

Gestational age test, used a lot for diabetic mothers since they produce large babies but they are still premature

What is the L/S ratio?

Measurements in amniotic fluid, used to predict the degree of lung maturity of a fetus. L/S of 2:1 or greater indicates lungs are mature enough to sustain life outside of the uterus

When do you use IPPB?

When patient can't take a deep breath on their own

When do you use a heated aerosol?

Thin secretions or patient is pulled out of the cold

What is egophany?

Listening to patient making an "E" sound and when it turns to an "ah" it indicates consolidation`

What is bronchiolitis obliterans?

Used to check for inflammation (RSV)

What is mycobacterial PNA used for?

TB, acid fast-stain

What is histoplasmosis?

Fungal infection

What precautions do you use with gram positive (staph aureus)?

Contact precautions

What precautions do you use for viruses?

Airborne precautions

What precautions do you use for TB?

Droplet precautions

When do you get a bronchoscopy?

When the patient has hemopytsis, BAL/culture (pneumonia), particulate matter, carbonous material

When do you get a PET/CT scan?

When patient has cancer

When placing a patient on the vent what must you remember to do?

Replace the uncuffed tube with a cuffed tube

What temp indicates a fever?

>101 F

When patient has been recently intubated or has a trach what would they most likely have?

Swallowing problems, damage to the throat

At what age do we give surfactant?

<30 weeks

What is the range of RR for babies?

30-60

What is the range of HR for babies?

130-160

What do you always pick for baby to indicate a CDH?

Pre and post ductal spo2, more than 4% difference means a problem

What O2 should you have for babies with a cap gas?

35-50

What is the normal O2 for a baby with an ABG?

50-80

What can mucus plugs cause?

Hyperinflation

If a patient has apnea what should you do?

Intubate

When a baby is grunting what do you put them on?

Nasal cpap

What is the TI for babies?

.3-.6

What is the PIP range for babies?

2-25

What do you do for autopeep?

Decrease TI, increase RR and VT

When trouble shooting and the VTE is greater than 50mL what does that mean?

Suspect a leak or they're too weak for a SBT

What is the difference between V-Fib and V-Tach?

V-Fib has no pattern, patient is usually unconcious (V-Fib you D-Fib) V-Tach the patient is awake, there is a pattern

What is an inotropic agent?

Improves systemic perfusion

What is a diffused x-ray?

Think everywhere, think pulmonary edema

When do you get serum electrolytes?

Needed following cardiac arrhythmias or hydration, and metabolic status

When do you get a VD/VT?

Emboli assessment

What is purulent?

Pus like sputum think infection

What does the patient have to have before checking values like CVP?

Lines

What is a MVV?

PFT lab test

What does vital capacity test?

Muscle strength, don't pick unless weaning or prepping for vent

What is FENO?

PFT test used for asthma, allergic response

For chronic patients where should you start their o2?

Start low

What is an EEG?

Brain activity

What is a sweat test for?

Cystic fibrosis

What is PEF?

Presence of impairment, think asthma attacks?

What is singulair for?

Allergy LABA

What is asmanex?

Corticosteriod LABA

What is methylprednisone? (solu-medrol)

Prednisone

To determine if patient is in good range multiply best PEF by what?

8 Ex: best is 400 so .8x.4=.32 so 320

For CF what do you use to break up secretions?

PEP, HFCWO

What is ciprofloxacin (cipro)?

Antibiotic

COPD patients should get what vaccines?

Influenza and pneumococcal

Get CBC for SOB because..

Anemia can mean SOB

FVC is what part of the PFT and FEV1 is...

FVC breathing in FEV1 blasting out

FVC/FEV1 should be...

2.0 or above, anyone less than 1.0 should be on vent

Anything below 50% for FEV1/FV is

Severely severe

Deep tendon reflexes and check ability to swallow is for what disease?

Guillain bare

If patient is a sleep study patient what do they get?

CPAP or Nasal CPAP

Don't get CXR daily get them...

PRN

If TLC >120

Hyperinflation

When do you use the methacholine challenge?

When intermittent wheezing

What is an FEV1 of 60-69%?

Moderate

VTE range of 3-500 is good for

Extubation or wean

If patient has high FIO2 and PEEP decrease what first?

PEEP

Atropine is used for

Bradycardia

FRC is done in...

A body box

Vasopressor does what for B/P

Increases B/P

Benzodiazepine helps with...

Spasm, relieve anxiety, sedation

Is VC/MIP good for an emergency?

No it is therapeutic

MIP should be...

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