Normals

Question 1

Normal canine BP

Answer 1

if high: 150/95 poses risk for organ injury, consider intervention
if >180/120 poses high risk of injury, intervention needed

if low: <100/60 poses some risk for reduced organ perfusion

bp < 70/40 poses high risk, intervention needed
(e.g., intravenous fluid therapy and/or reduction of dosage of anesthetic agent).

Question 2

Normal feline BP

Answer 2

115-162 mmHg
Tx needed if consistently over 160

Question 3

Canine dental formula

Answer 3

Deciduous = 2 (i3/3, c1/1, m3/3) = 28 total
Permanent = 2 (i3/3, c1/1, p4/4, m2/3) = 42 total

Question 4

Determining % dehydration

Answer 4

Dry mm and mild skin tent = 5%
Dry mm, skin tent, mild tachycardia = 7%
Tachycardia and weak pulse pressure = 10%
Poor pulse quality, altered mentation = 12%

Question 5

Maintenance fluid requirements and determination of losses

Answer 5

mL = (30x kg weight) +70
Fluid deficit (ml) = kg weight x %dehydration x 1000

Question 6

Feline dental formula

Answer 6

Deciduous = 2 (i3/3, c1/1, m3/2) = 26 total
Permanent = 2 (i3/3, c1/1, p3/2, m1/1) = 30 total

Question 7

Canine TPR

Answer 7

T = 99-102.5 F
P = 60-120 bpm
R = 18-35 bpm

Question 8

Feline TPR

Answer 8

T = 99-102.5 F
P = 160-220 bpm
R = 20-30 bpm

Question 9

Normal IOP

Answer 9

15-25 mmHg

difference btwn eyes < 8 mmHg

uveitis: low IOP
glaucoma: high IOP

Question 10

Urine Specific Gravity

Answer 10

1.012 - 1.030 dogs
1.012 - 1.035 cats

hypersthenuria: >1.030 dogs
> 1.035 cats

isosthenuria: 1.008 - 1.012

hyposthenuria: < 1.008
1/3 of nephrons functional

Question 11

Schirmer Tear Test

Answer 11

Amount absorbed over 1 minute

Normal: >15 mm

<10 indicates keratoconjunctivitis sicca