Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SHS 574 Voice & Swallowing > Normal Voice (Anatomy & Physiology) > Flashcards

Normal Voice (Anatomy & Physiology) Flashcards

1
Q

5 key aspects of the normal voice

A

The voice should have/be:

  1. Adequate Carrying Power (loudness)
  2. Safe and Hygienic Production (hygiene)
  3. Pleasant Quality (pleasantness)
  4. Adequate Flexibility to Express Emotion (flexibility)
  5. Representative of Age and Gender (representation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Three processes of voice

A

Respiration
Phonation
Resonance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Structures of the bony thorax

A 
Vertebrae 
Vertebral Column 
Thoracic Cage 
Pectoral Girdle
Pelvic Girdle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

5 Vertebral Regions (+ number of vertebrae)

A 
Cervical - 7
Thoracic  - 12
Lumbar - 5
Saccral - 5
Coccygeal - 5
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Muscle of respiration that separates the thorax from the abdominal cavity

A

Diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Three major categories for muscles of respiration

A
  1. Muscles of the rib cage
  2. Muscles of the diaphragm
  3. Muscles of the abdominal wall
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name the primary inspiratory muscles of the thorax.

A

The diaphragm
External Intercostals muscles

(accessory muscles of the trunk and lower neck also assist; interchondral part of the internal intercostals also assist with elevating ribs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name the primary expiratory muscles (general)

A

Internal Intercostal Muscles

Abdominal Muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the passive forces of respiration (passive exhalation)?

A 
Natural Recoil (of muscles, ligaments, cartilage)
Surface Tension (in alveoli)
Gravity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the active forces of respiration (active exhalation)?

A

Strength of muscles in the chest wall
Patterns of muscle movement
Amount of air contained in the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List the 4 Respiratory volumes

A
  1. Tidal Volume
  2. Inspiratory Reserve Volume
  3. Expiratory Reserve Volume
  4. Residual Volume
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The amount of air inspired and expired during a single respiratory cycle

A

Tidal Volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The maximum volume of air that can be inspired beyond the end of a tidal inspiration

A

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The maximum volume of air that can be expired beyond the end of a tidal expiration

A

Expiratory Reserve Volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The volume of air that remains in the lungs after a maximum expiration

A

Residual Volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

List the 4 Respiratory Capacities

A
  1. Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
  2. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
  3. Vital Capacity (VC)
  4. Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The maximum volume of air that can be inspired

A

Inspiratory Capacity (IC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The volume of air remaining in the lungs and airways at the end of a resting tidal exhalation

A

Functional Residual Capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The maximum volume of air that can be expired following a maximum inspiration

A

Vital Capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The total volume of air contained in the lungs and airways after a maximum inspiration

A

Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The elderly often experience decreased ____________ ____________ efficiency.

A

lung volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Muscle activity for exhalation is ____________ during quiet breathing and ___________ during speech breathing.

A

passive; active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The larynx is situated vertically at the level of what vertebrae?

A

C4-C6 in adults;

C1-C3 in children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Approximate circumference of the adult larynx

A

5 inches

25
Q

3 points of attachment of larynx

A

Superiorly: Hyoid Bone
Inferiorly: Cricoid Cartilage
Anteriorly: Epiglottis

26
Q

Muscles that have one attachment to the larynx and another to a structure external to the larynx to stabilize the larynx and change its position within the neck

A

Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

Include sternothyroid, thyrohyoid and inferior constrictors

27
Q

Muscles that attach to the hyoid bone for raising or lowering the larynx and moving it forward and backward

A

Supplementary Laryngeal Muscles

Include digastric, sylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, hyoglossus, genioglossus

28
Q

Extrinsic and supplementary laryngeal muscles come into play slightly during control of ___________.

A

pitch
(Lower larynx=lower pitch)
(Raised larynx=raised pitch)

29
Q

Name the 5 major laryngeal cartilages

A
  1. Cricoid
  2. Thyroid
    3, 4. Paired Arytenoids
  3. Epiglottis
30
Q

Name the 5 Intrinsic laryngeal muscles

A
  1. Posterior Cricoarytenoid (PCA)
  2. Lateral Cricoarytenoid (LCA)
  3. Interarytenoid (IA)
  4. Thyroarytenoid (TA)
  5. Cricothyroid (CT)
31
Q

Muscles that connect the laryngeal cartilages to each other, whose contraction or relaxation results in either the adduction, abduction, tensing or relaxing of the vocal folds

A

Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

32
Q

Intrinsic laryngeal muscles are innervated by which cranial nerve?

A

CN X (X Vagus nerve)

33
Q

The lone abductor intrinsic laryngeal muscle

A

Posterior Cricoarytenoid (PCA) - paired

34
Q

Muscle that attaches to the arch of the cricoid and inserts into the lateral surface of the muscular process of the arytenoid

A

Lateral Cricoarytenoid (LCA) - paired

35
Q

The only unpaired intrinsic laryngeal muscle. Contraction results in vocal fold adduction

A

Interarytenoid (IA)

36
Q

This paired muscle forms the bulk of the muscular portion of the vocal folds.

A

Thyroarytenoid (TA)

37
Q

Intrinsic laryngeal muscle made up of different sections that when contracted, cause the thyroid cartilage to tilt downward or draw forward

A

Cricothyroid (CT)

38
Q

What happens when the thyroid cartilage is tilted downward or drawn forward?

A

The distance between the anterior thyroid cartilage and and arytenoid cartilages is increased, causing the vocal folds to lengthen and decrease in mass

39
Q

What happens when the vocal folds lengthen and mass is decreased?

A

There is a faster vibration, resulting in a change in pitch (higher pitch.)

40
Q

Also called the False Vocal Folds

A

Ventricular Folds or Ventricular Ligament

41
Q

These contain numerous mucous glands that help to moisten and lubricate the true vocal folds beneath them

A

Ventricular Folds

42
Q

T/F: The ventricular folds adduct during phonation.

A

False. They do not adduct during normal phonation.

43
Q

Membranous folds attached to the thyroid cartilage and to the arytenoid cartilage

A

Ventricular Folds

44
Q

Membranous folds enclosing a narrow band of elastic tissue, connecting the thyroid cartilage to the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage

A

True Vocal Folds

45
Q

Five layers of the vocal fold cover and body

A
  1. Mucosa Epithelium
  2. Superficial Layer
  3. Intermediate Layer
  4. Deep Layer
  5. Vocalis Muscle
46
Q

5 major elements of Myloelastic-Aerodynamic Theory of Phonation

A
  1. Vocal Fold Adduction via muscle contraction
  2. Increase in Subglottal Air Pressure
  3. Increased Pressure causes gradual VF separation
  4. Velocity of air increases through abducted folds, causing them to move back to midline
  5. VF approximate inferior to superior, eventually adducting
47
Q

Minimum subglottic air pressure needed to set VFs into vibration

A

3-5 cm H20 at a minimum

48
Q

3 Recognizable Voice registers

A

Falsetto
Modal
Glottal Fry (or pulse)

49
Q

The register we use for most conversational speech

A

Modal

50
Q

Voice register achieved through high medial compression of the vocal folds and high adductive force

A

Falsetto

51
Q

Voice register achieved through minimal longitudinal tension and moderate medial compression, and mild adductive force

A

Glottal Fry

52
Q

3 types of attack (vocal onsets)

A

Breathy (also known as aspirate)
Glottal
Simultaneous (also known as easy, gentle)

53
Q

Biomechanical determinates of rate of vocal fold vibration

A
  1. Length of vocal folds
  2. Tension of vocal folds
  3. Mass of vocal folds per unit of length
54
Q

Shorter, less tense, thicker VFs- what type of phonation?

A

Slower Vibration; Lower Frequency/Pitch

55
Q

Longer, tenser, thinner VFs- what type of phonation?

A

Faster Vibration; Higher Frequency/Pitch

56
Q

Which intrinsic laryngeal muscles are primarily responsible for changing frequency of VF vibration?

A

Cricothyroid muscle

Thyrovocalis muscle

57
Q

Which intrinsic laryngeal muscles are primarily responsible for changes in vocal loudness?

A

Lateral Cricoarytenoid *

*check this answer

58
Q

The perceptual attribute related to the sound of a voice beyond its pitch and loudness

A

Voice Quality

SHS 574 Voice & Swallowing (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions