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Normal Values Flashcards

1
Q

Normal urine output

A

Min 40ml/hr

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2
Q

Glasgow

A

3-8

Lower the score the worse the patient is

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3
Q

Normal HR

A

60-80

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4
Q

RR

A

12-20

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5
Q

Ptosis

A

Drooping of the upper lids

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6
Q

Diploid

A

Blurred or double vision

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7
Q

Night sweats

A

TB

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8
Q

Erythema

A

Red

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9
Q

Ecchymosis

A

Bruise

Purple/hematoma/bruise

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10
Q

asymmetrical movement

A

Atelectasis
Pneumo
Flail chest-paradoxical-Kansas ventilator
RT main stem Intubated

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11
Q

Biots-means?

A

Increased rr and depth with irregular apnea

Neuro

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12
Q

Kussmauls-means

A

Increased rr over 20
Irregular rhythm
Labored breathing
DKA-give insulin

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13
Q

Micrognathia-means?

A

Receding mandible

Difficult intubation

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14
Q

Macroglossia

A

Macroglossia

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15
Q

How to tell diff airway and how to intubate

A 
Micrognathia
Macroglossia
Bull neck
Limited range of motion
Bronchoscope
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16
Q

Paradoxical pulse-indicates?

A

Indicates severe air trapping ‘
Status asthmaticus or cardiac tamponade
EMERGENCY

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17
Q

Inside lung

Tracheal deviation

A

Atelectasis
Pulm fib
Pneumonectomy
Diaph paralysis

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18
Q

Outside lung

A 
Away from pathology
Pl eff
Tension pneumo
Neck or thyroid tumors
Large med mass
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19
Q

Resonant

A

Normal

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20
Q

Flat

A

Heard over sternum
Muscle
Atelectasis

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21
Q

Dull

A

Fluid filled organs
Pl eff
Pna
Pl eff

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22
Q

Tympanic

A

Air filled stomach
Drum like sound
Over lungs indicates increased volume

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23
Q

Rales/crackles-means? How to fix?

A

Lg airway Secretions

Suction

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24
Q

Medium rales-means?

A

Middle airway secretions

CPT

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25
Q

Fine rales-means? Treat?

A 
Alveoli/fluid
CHF
IPPB
Heart drugs
Diuretics
Oxygen
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26
Q

Monophonic inspiratory sound

A

Strider

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27
Q

Topical decongestant

A

Racemic epinephrine for swelling and edema

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28
Q

Heart sounds-no lub dub

A

Ask for echo

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29
Q

Dead space disease

A

Pulm Embolism

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30
Q

If PaO2 increases with FiO2

A

V/Q mismatch

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31
Q

PaO2 does not increase with O2 therapy-how to fix it

A

Shunting

PEEP

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32
Q

Arterial oxygen content formula and normal

A

CaO2=(HB 1.34 x SaO2) + (PaO2 x .003)

17-20%

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33
Q

CvO2 and SvO2

shows problems with which system

A

Heart

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34
Q

Normal SvO2

A

70-75%

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35
Q

Normal value shunt equation

A

3-5%

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36
Q

How can you estimate PaO2

A

Subtract 30 from SaO2

37
Q

ARDS P/F normal and classification

A

Mild=200-300
Moderate ARDS 100-200
Severe ARDS. Less than 200

Normal-380 torr

38
Q

Contractility

A

Myocardial fibers to shorten

Increased stroke volume

39
Q

Preload

A

Measure or estimate of ventricular volume at the end of diastole
HOW MUCH IS GOING INTO HEART

40
Q

After load

A

Wall tension required to overcome the resistance or pressure load that opposes ejection of blood from the ventricle during systole

41
Q

What 3 things can change BP

A

Heart
Blood
Vessels

42
Q

What drugs increases heart rate

A

Chronotropic: atropine

43
Q

What drugs decrease heart rate

A

B blockers or b antagonists

Atenolol, propranolol, labetalol

44
Q

What drugs increase contractility-what drugs

A

Inotropic:digitalis, digoxin, levosimendan

CHF

45
Q

Vasodilator

A

Nitroprusside//hydralazine

46
Q

Calcium channel blockers

A

Nifedipine

47
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

Lisinopril/perindopril/captopril/enalapriol/ramipril

48
Q

Vasoconstrictors

A

Epi
Phenylephrine
Dopamine
Dobutamine

49
Q

If transducer is above the catheter

A

Readings are lower than actual

50
Q

If transducer is below the catheter

A

Readings are higher than actual

51
Q

Right heart problems and indication

A

Cor pulmonale
Tricuspid valve stenosis

Elevated cvp
Low pap

52
Q

Fick equation

A

Cardiac output

53
Q

Normal cardiac output and cardiac index

A

Qt 4-8

CI 2.5-4.0

54
Q

Potassium

A

3.5-4.5

Intracellular cation

55
Q

Sodium

A

135-145

Extra cellular cation controlled by kidneys

56
Q

Chloride

A

80-100

57
Q

What electrolyte to check for failure to wean

Normal values

A

Mg

1.7-2.4

58
Q

Calcium

A

4.5-5.25

59
Q

Cardiac markers

A

Elevated troponin greater than .1

60
Q

BNP

What diseases indicate

A

Normal greater than 100

Elevated=CHF

61
Q

Lactate levels indicate what

A

Overall oxygen delivery to the tissues

62
Q

Glucose level

A

70-100

63
Q

Hyperglycemia treatment

A

Administer insulin

64
Q

Hypoglycemia treatment

A

Administer glucose

65
Q

Why is MRI used

A

Soft tissue

66
Q

TTE vs TEE

A

TTE-Non invasive;cardiac echography

TEE INVASIVE

67
Q

Bubble echocardiogram

A

Indirectly measures pulmonary artery pressure pap

68
Q

Use of cerebral blood flow test

A

Used to diagnose cerebral brain death

69
Q

PET scan uses

A

Cancer

70
Q

Ischemia

A

Reduced blood flow to tissue
Non stemi
Inverted t wave

71
Q

Injury

A

Elevated S-T segment

Stemi

72
Q

Infarction

A

Sig Q waves

73
Q

What ETT will limit biofilm formation on lumen of ETT

A

Silver coated antibacterial coated ETT

74
Q

Carlen’s

A

Double lumen
Right stem longer length
Left lung shorter

75
Q

Indications for carlens

A 
Ind lung vent
Patients with unilateral lung disease
Surgery pnuemonectomy
BP fistula
Uncontrolled unilateral hemoptysis
76
Q

Steps post intubation

A

Visualization
Auscultation
Co2
X-ray

77
Q

What is an inductive agent

A

Produce unconsciousness

Optimize intubation conditions

78
Q

Propofol indications and contraindications

A

Rapid onset
Short duration

Contra
Hypotension

79
Q

Etomidate

Indications and contraindications

A

Fast onset
Rapid recovery
Maintain hemodynamics

80
Q

How to fix V/Q mismatch

A

FiO2

81
Q

3 phases of ARDS

A

Exudative
Proliferative
Fibrotic phase

82
Q

Exudative phase characterized

A

12-36 hour
Last 1-7
AlV edema & leukoctyic inflammation with hyaline membranes
Hypoxemia

83
Q

Oliguria

A

Low urine output

84
Q

Rhabdomyolysis

A

Muscle damage

85
Q

What effects the volume of spontaneous breaths

A

Airway resistance

Lung compliance

86
Q

How do you fix turbulent flow

A

Decrease flow

87
Q

If listening to BS and during inspiration you no longer hear movement what is the problem and how do you fix it

A

Decrease the flow or increase I time. Fixes turbulent flow.

88
Q

What are the indications for putting patient on vent

A

Less than 10ml/kg
Increase co2 with bad ph
MIP less than -20

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